Ground motion prediction equation considering combined dataset of recorded and simulated ground motions

Himalayan region is one of the most active seismic regions in the world and many researchers have highlighted the possibility of great seismic event in the near future due to seismic gap. Seismic hazard analysis and microzonation of highly populated places in the region are mandatory in a regional scale. Region specific Ground Motion Predictive Equation (GMPE) is an important input in the seismic hazard analysis for macro- and micro-zonation studies. Few GMPEs developed in India are based on the recorded data and are applicable for a particular range of magnitudes and distances. This paper focuses on the development of a new GMPE for the Himalayan region considering both the recorded and simulated earthquakes of moment magnitude 5.3–8.7. The Finite Fault simulation model has been used for the ground motion simulation considering region specific seismotectonic parameters from the past earthquakes and source models. Simulated acceleration time histories and response spectra are compared with available records. In the absence of a large number of recorded data, simulations have been performed at unavailable locations by adopting Apparent Stations concept. Earthquakes recorded up to 2007 have been used for the development of new GMPE and earthquakes records after 2007 are used to validate new GMPE. Proposed GMPE matched very well with recorded data and also with other highly ranked GMPEs developed elsewhere and applicable for the region. Comparison of response spectra also have shown good agreement with recorded earthquake data. Quantitative analysis of residuals for the proposed GMPE and region specific GMPEs to predict Nepal–India 2011 earthquake of Mw of 5.7 records values shows that the proposed GMPE predicts Peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration for entire distance and period range with lower percent residual when compared to exiting region specific GMPEs.     

基于全局弱式无单元法直流电阻率正演模拟

全局弱式无单元法是在有限单元法基础上发展起来的一种数值模拟方法,它采用局部支持域内的节点信息来构造形函数实现局部精确逼近,摆脱了单元,仅依赖于节点信息,具有预处理简单、模拟精度高、灵活性强的特点,适用于复杂地电条件下直流电阻率正演模拟.本文采用RPIM构造直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法形函数,利用RPIM形函数推导了直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法方程.然后,编制了直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法正演模拟Fortran程序,利用该程序对典型的地电模型进行了正演模拟,并将正演结果与基于线性插值的FEM正演结果及解析解进行对比,结果表明采用RPIM形函数的全局弱式无单元法用于直流电阻率正演模拟的正确性及有效性,且在同等条件下,全局弱式无单元法模拟精度高于矩形剖分的FEM,更有利于指导电法勘探的数据解译;利用该程序对复杂地电模型进行了正演模拟,结果表明全局弱式无单元法对复杂地电模型模拟效果良好,适应性强,灵活性高,可任意加密节点提高模拟精度.

     

石香肠构造研究进展

100多年来，石香肠构造的研究取得了巨大的进展。出现了骨节状石香肠、不对称鱼嘴构造、复合石香肠等新的构造样式。在石香肠构造形成理论研究上，关于断裂石香肠构造形成的理论推导、肿缩石香肠构造形成的流变参数的限制、多层石香肠构造在大地构造研究中的应用、石香肠构造控矿以及石香肠构造流变计的研究已经展开并取得了较大进展。理论研究的深入和应用研究的拓展还需要借助其他学科的研究成果。     

木本植被覆盖岸坡上波浪爬升过程的数值模拟研究

近岸木本植物构成的生态缓冲带作为新型的海岸软防护结构,兼具功能性和生态友好性,在沿海工程建设中愈发受到关注,如何深入开展其防护效果的机理研究是目前亟待解决的问题。本文采用数值模拟方法,在N-S方程中分别考虑树枝和树干的拖曳力影响,提出了木本植被作用下波浪沿斜坡爬升的表面波衰减的连续介质等效模型,并采用MAC法来跟踪自由曲面上的水颗粒轨迹。本文以波浪沿1/30的斜坡爬升为算例,对比讨论了有无植被作用下波浪的传播过程,并将算例结果与以往试验结果规律进行对照,验证了数值模型的有效性。最后,分别讨论了植物枝干的高度、密度、树枝倾斜角度等植被特性和波浪因素对植被消浪效果的影响,得到植被消浪的基本规律。文中的计算结果也可为实际的护岸工程和生态景观设计提供参考。     

长江口附近海域台风浪的数值模拟--以鹿沙台风和森拉克台风为例

利用SWAN波浪模型计算长江口附近海域的台风浪,鉴于长江河口岸界和地形复杂,拟采用曲线网格.为证实曲线网格下的SWAN模型对于复杂地形的有效性,首先选用美国特拉华大学波浪水池实验资料对SWAN模型进行检验,结果表明利用曲线网格能不过多增加计算量而提高关键区域的计算精度.以0215号鹿沙台风和0216号森拉克台风为例,将SWAN模型应用到长江口附近海域,进行台风浪的数值模拟.通过浮标测站实测资料验证,表明有效波高计算值与实测值符合良好.通过综合分析模型计算的波浪场,说明SWAN模型能合理地反映长江口附近海域台风浪的分布.     

西藏直孔水电站大坝混凝土防渗墙超前支护成槽试验研究及施工

在西藏直孔水电站松散砂卵石地层混凝土防渗墙成槽施工中，结合坝基水文地质及工程地质特点，创造性地提出了超前支护成槽方案，通过三维应力模拟和渗透试验，结合现场生产试验，对原方案更进一步完善，在施工中加以应用获得了成功。     

Developing constitutive models from EPR‐based self‐learning finite element analysis

A constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted.     

Accurate real‐time hybrid earthquake simulations on large‐scale MDOF steel structure with nonlinear viscous dampers

This paper presents real‐time hybrid earthquake simulation (RTHS) on a large‐scale steel structure with nonlinear viscous dampers. The test structure includes a three‐story, single‐bay moment‐resisting frame (MRF), a three‐story, single‐bay frame with a nonlinear viscous damper and associated bracing in each story (called damped braced frame (DBF)), and gravity load system with associated seismic mass and gravity loads. To achieve the accurate RTHS results presented in this paper, several factors were considered comprehensively: (1) different arrangements of substructures for the RTHS; (2) dynamic characteristics of the test setup; (3) accurate integration of the equations of motion; (4) continuous movement of the servo‐controlled hydraulic actuators; (5) appropriate feedback signals to control the RTHS; and (6) adaptive compensation for potential control errors. Unlike most previous RTHS studies, where the actuator stroke was used as the feedback to control the RTHS, the present study uses the measured displacements of the experimental substructure as the feedback for the RTHS, to enable accurate displacements to be imposed on the experimental substructure. This improvement in approach was needed because of compliance and other dynamic characteristics of the test setup, which will be present in most large‐scale RTHS. RTHS with ground motions at the design basis earthquake and maximum considered earthquake levels were successfully performed, resulting in significant nonlinear response of the test structure, which makes accurate RTHS more challenging. Two phases of RTHS were conducted: in the first phase, the DBF is the experimental substructure, and in the second phase, the DBF together with the MRF is the experimental substructure. The results from the two phases of RTHS are presented and compared with numerical simulation results. An evaluation of the results shows that the RTHS approach used in this study provides a realistic and accurate simulation of the seismic response of a large‐scale structure with rate‐dependent energy dissipating devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用混合法构建三维数字岩心(英文)

在弹性波有三维数字岩心描述了岩石的微观孔隙结构。X射线CT扫描是获取三维数字岩心最准确和直接的方法,但实验成本高。本文结合沉积过程模拟和模拟退火算法,提出了重建三维数字岩心的混合法,基于岩石二维图像重建三维数字岩心。利用岩石颗粒沉积算法构建初始数字岩心,作为模拟退火算法的初始状态。运用模拟退火算法调整岩石颗粒和孔隙的相对位置,使三维数字岩心与岩心二维图像具有相似的自相关函数,从而建立三维数字岩心。与传统模拟退火算法相比,该方法计算时间明显减小。运用局部孔隙度理论定量比较了重建数字岩心和岩心X射线微CT图像,两种数字岩心具有相似的均质性和孔隙连通性。利用有限元方法和格子玻尔兹曼方法分别模拟了重建三维数字岩心的地层因素和渗透率,数值模拟结果与实验结果相符。相比传统模拟退火算法,混合法重建数字岩心的传导特性更接近真实岩心的传导特性。     

塔河油田碎屑岩油气运聚模拟及潜力区优选

为了系统研究塔河油田碎屑岩油气运聚过程,针对研究区目的层的地质特征,文章采用流径和逾渗综合方法进行油气运聚模拟分析。该方法基于断裂-砂体输导格架来开展油气运聚模拟,首先通过断层的分级、分期研究,结合实际资料形成了断层开启性判别标准,进而建立断层输导格架模型;综合使用压实曲线和孔渗关系,利用相控建模技术建立砂体输导格架模型。在断裂-砂体输导格架基础上开展了油气运聚模拟,模拟结果与现有的油气藏吻合较好,表明流径与逾渗综合法是一种模拟研究区目的层油气运聚过程的有效方法。同时,利用模拟结果,明确了主要目的层的潜力区域,对研究区碎屑岩的勘探部署有重要意义和实际价值。