基于Condor构建遥感影像处理服务系统

Condor是应用于分布式高吞吐量作业的资源管理系统,非常适合于遥感影像处理作业。为了屏蔽高性能计算相关模型,降低使用难度,文中基于Condor构建了遥感影像处理服务系统,提出了服务系统的总体架构,完成了遥感影像处理作业提交服务和作业执行服务以及应用接口设计;并对算法扩展、作业提交和执行过程进行了检测。结果表明,系统能够支持复杂的遥感影像处理过程,具有扩展性强,使用方便的特点。     

(False) Dichotomies,political ideologies,and preferences for environmental management along the rural-urban interface in Calaveras County,California

At the core of land use and governance debates in the United States are purported dualities: economy vs. environment, public goods vs. private rights, and the merits and demerits of regulation. While such dichotomies are inevitably partial, they offer a heuristic to interrogate the deeper nuances of a problem or process. I investigate these dichotomies in one site (Calaveras County, California) along the rural-urban interface (RUI). The RUI is home of some of the most valued places in contemporary society as well as some of the most challenged in terms of planning and management. Land management decisions along the RUI are complicated by social and ecological heterogeneity as well as ongoing, dynamic cultural and environmental change. Differing perspectives and shifting conditions in place influence stakeholders' views on the value and utility of a variety of resources, both environmental and social. This paper investigates how political and environmental ideologies and environmental management preferences are related in order to consider the implications of such divergent perspectives for policy and governance. Using a mixed method approach, I examine varying viewpoints related to the environment/economy dichotomy and conclude that increasing polarization of political and environmental ideals and preferences along the RUI impacts land use planning and policy as well as social, environmental, and economic outcomes. I argue that the physical and cultural landscape of the RUI is transforming and, as such, we must also (re)configure pathways for cooperation and problem solving to effectively address the challenges and contradictions of these social and ecological changes.     

Human-ignited wildfire patterns and responses to policy shifts

Development of efficient forest wildfire policies requires an understanding of the underlying reasons behind forest fire occurrences. Globally, there is a close relationship between forest wildfires and human activities; most wildfires are human events due to negligence (e.g., agricultural burning escapes) and deliberate actions (e.g., vandalism, pyromania, revenge, land use change attempts). We model the risk of wildfire as a function of the spatial pattern of urban development and the abandonment/intensity of agricultural and forestry activities, while controlling for biophysical and climatic factors. We use a count data approach to model deliberately set fires in Galicia, N.W. Spain, where wildfire is a significant threat to forest ecosystems, with nearly 100,000 wildfires recorded during a thirteen-year period (1999–2011). The spatial units of analysis are more than 3600 parishes. Data for the human influences are derived from fine-resolution maps of wildland–urban interface (WUI), housing spatial arrangements, road density, forest ownership, and vegetation type. We found wildfire risk to be higher where there are human populations and development/urbanisation pressure, as well as in unattended forest areas due to both rural exodus and a fragmented forest ownership structure that complicates the profitability of forestry practices. To better help direct management efforts, parameter estimates from our model were used to predict wildfire counts under alternative scenarios that account for variation across space on future land-use conditions. Policies that incentivize cooperative forest management and that constrain urban development in wildlands at hotspot fire locations are shown to reduce wildfire risk. Our results highlight the need for spatially targeted fire management strategies.     

Galileo OS SIS ICD导航电文设计解析

欧盟在2010-04-13首次正式发布了Galileo公开服务空间信号接口控制文档(Galileo OS SIS ICD),标志着Galileo系统建设从概念设计、在轨验证到系统实施又迈进了重要一步,对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的发展具有重要意义。通过与GPS接口说明文档比较,解析了Galileo OS SIS ICD中导航电文结构设计和内容设计方面的思路和特点。解析表明,与GPS L1 C/A码导航电文设计相比,Galileo OS在导航电文设计上既有继承、亦有创新。整体设计体现了开放和灵活的特点,特别是在电文页流结构、电文星间交叉播发、兼容和互操作以及完好性方面的设计既体现了GNSS技术的发展,又体现了GNSS设计理念的进步。Galileo导航电文的设计理念不仅可为我国北斗卫星导航系统电文的设计提供参考,而且有利于加强与Galileo系统之间的互操作研究。     

Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear

This paper presents a finite element model for analysing the behaviour of granular material wrapped with polyethylene bags under vertical compression and cyclic shearing. The simple Mohr–Coulomb model is used to represent the soil behaviour. The polyethylene bag is represented by a linear-elastic–perfect-plastic model. The soil-bag interface is modelled with contact constraints. The main purpose of the numerical analysis is to validate the anticipated performance of soilbags under various loading conditions and hence the effectiveness of soilbags as a method of ground improvement.     

Effects of interface material on the performance of free rocking blocks

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the rocking behavior of rigid blocks. Two types of test specimens have been tested, namely M and C types. Nine blocks of the M type and two blocks of the C type with different aspect ratios were tested with varying initial rotational amplitudes and with different materials at the contact interface, namely concrete, timber, steel, and rubber. The results showed that the interface material has significant influence on the free rocking performance of the blocks. Blocks tested on rubber had the fastest energy dissipation followed by concrete and timber bases, respectively. Analysis of the test results has shown that the energy dissipation in the case of tests on a rubber base is a continuous mechanism whereas in the case of tests on rigid bases, i.e. timber and concrete, energy dissipation is a discrete function. Finally, the rocking characteristics of the blocks were calculated using piecewise equations of motion and numerical analysis. It was possible to predict the correct free rocking amplitude response when a reliable value for the coefficient of restitution was used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土工格栅与砂土的细观界面特性研究

对大尺寸土工格栅筋土拉拔试验进行颗粒流数值模拟,从细观角度研究了筋土界面特性。分析结果表明,利用颗粒流理论及程序中的"clump"方法开发的类三角形砂土颗粒与实际砂土颗粒性状较一致;拉拔过程中筋土上下界面并不对称,下界面扰动范围比上界面大;在砂土密实度及法向应力较低情况下,筋土界面厚度随法向应力的增大而减小,两者呈一负相关的线性关系。     

松辽盆地昌德气田深层登三、四段底界面特征

松辽盆地昌德气田登娄库组三、四段是深层主要产气层位,但井震地层界面不一致阻碍了该区油气勘探。从岩性、测井和地震等方面对登三、四段主要特征及关键界面特征进行综合研究,获取各段界面主要特征,并据此进行了对界面确定的调整。登三、四段岩性以泥岩为主,发育湖相和曲流河相。登三段电阻曲线呈高频中高幅指状或箱型,底面为一套砂岩组底界,泥岩组顶面,GR 负台阶,电阻正台阶,地震剖面上具有上超和顶超的特征。登四段电阻曲线呈中高频中幅指状夹箱型,底界面为泥岩地层底界、砂岩地层顶界,GR 正台阶,电阻负台阶,地震剖面上表现为整一。井震对比统层后,登三段底面有12 口井,登四段底面有8 口井进行调整。     

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪-冰界面含氮离子迁移研究

冰川积累区雪-冰界面附近的化学物质迁移对冰芯记录的形成具有重要意义,为讨论主要含氮离子在这一界面的迁移,本研究基于2004年11月至2006年3月在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川连续采集的64组雪冰样品分析了NO3与NH4+的变化情况.结果表明,雪层底部干季(11月至翌年3月)含氮离子浓度的平均值高于湿季(4-10月)的,而...