板桥凹陷钱圈地区沙河街组沉积及砂体展布特征

板桥凹陷钱圈地区沙河街组物源主要来自北部陡坡带增幅台地区和南部北大港潜山地区,在研究区北部陡坡带形成了扇三角洲沉积,在南部缓坡带形成了辫状河三角洲沉积。利用层序地层学和地震沉积学的研究思路和方法,在波阻抗数据体的基础上采用地层切片技术,在等时层序地层格架内结合单井岩-电关系,对三角洲体系砂体的展布特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:①南部缓坡带沙三上亚段沉积时期,物源主要来自北大港潜山地区,辫状河三角洲的砂体呈进积特征,展布范围逐渐变大,反映湖盆基准面下降的特征,在沙二段沉积时期,辫状河三角洲沉积物源来自增幅台和北大港潜山2个地区;陡坡带沙二段至沙一上亚段沉积时期,扇三角洲砂体呈退积特征,砂体展布范围逐渐变小,反映湖盆基准面上升的特征;②以地震波阻抗数据体为基础的地层切片技术可以清晰地刻画三角洲沉积体系的砂体沉积相带平面展布,砂体预测结果得到了钻井资料的进一步证实。     

三维地震资料在圈定煤层结构变化上的应用

随着煤炭开采机械化程度的不断提高,煤层结构的变化对采掘工作的影响日益突出。三维地震资料不仅能够控制落差3~5m以上的断层和幅度大于5m的褶曲,而且还可以利用三维资料所包含的丰富地质信息,包括煤层反射波振幅能量强弱的变化、波阻抗反演等对煤层结构的变化情况进行圈定,以提供煤层结构方面的地质资料。     

叠前弹性波阻抗反演在四川FL地区礁滩型储层预测中的应用

叠前弹性波阻抗反演对礁滩型储层的预测和流体识别较叠后声阻抗反演的可信度更高,可对含油气性进行半定量—定量描述。以四川FL地区礁滩型储层为重点,以叠前弹性波阻抗反演为技术路线,对该地区反演出的数据体进行交汇解释,预测出了该区礁滩型储层的平面分布特点,预测结果与该区仅有的两口钻井资料相吻合。实践表明,用交会法并结合对储层响应敏感的两个参数泊松比和剪切模量进行储层解释,可靠度较高。     

Wall effect of underwater explosion load based on wave motion theories

Owing to the existence of the flow field boundary, the shock wave load near the boundary is different from the freefield shock wave load. In the present paper, the hull plate load subjected to underwater shock wave is investigated based onwave motion theories; in addition, the experimental study of the hull plate load is carried out. According to the theoreticalanalysis of the hull plate pressure, we find that the hull plate pressure oscillates repeatedly and decays rapidly with timepassing, the maximum hull plate pressure is 2/（1＋n） times the maximum free field pressure, where n is the ratio ofimpedance, and the impulse is much smaller than the free field impulse. Compared with the experimental study, thetheoretical results agree well with the experimental data.     

Scalar-tensor cosmology for traceless matter field in the large coupling function limit

Scalar tensor (ST) theories of gravitation contain an attractor mechanism towards general relativity. The mechanism is supposed to start back at time of inflation. Consequently the characteristic coupling function of the ST theories could attain a very large value during the radiation epoch. Here ST cosmology in the radiation dominated universe is studied under such situation. A general solution of the scale factor in the radiation dominated flat universe is obtained that is characterized by an additional degree of freedom. An implication of this extra parameter is discussed.      

三维张量CSAMT响应特征研究

张量CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁法)能完整地描述三维的地电信息,更适应复杂地质条件下的地质勘探。采用将总场分解为一次场和二次场的策略,用差分近似微分形成大型线性方程组,通过解方程组得到张量CSAMT三维正演结果。通过计算低阻和高阻目标体的响应,发现卡尼亚视电阻率和视阻抗相位对低阻体表现为低值异常,对高阻体表现为高值异常,视阻抗相位达到极值时的频率比视电阻率达到极值时的频率要高。张量CSAMT对低阻体比高阻体更灵敏,在同样条件下,高阻体的异常区位置相比于低阻体会上移。某工区的勘察案例表明,根据卡尼亚视电阻率异常能定性地判断地下异常体的存在,为解决地质类问题提供了依据。本研究为张量CSAMT三维反演提供了基础。     

基于反射地震资料探讨泥河湾盆地的新生代和中生代地层

查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列及基底的分布与赋存形态是研究泥河湾盆地形成机制的基础性工作。本研究在泥河湾盆地桑干河与壶流河交接处附近采集了四条测线的反射地震数据,通过对精细处理后的地震剖面进行详细分析,在剖面上厘定了三个具有明显强反射标志的地层,即古近系的玄武岩、侏罗系上统的含煤地层和侏罗系下统的含煤地层;其中,新近系沉积层与古近系玄武岩界面在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为0.3~0.6s,深度范围为300~500m,而第四系泥河湾组底界由南西到北东逐渐加深,其界面深度为200~300m;侏罗系上统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时在0.8s上下波动,其深度约为1200m,探测出侏罗系上统顶界面的深度范围为800~1100m;侏罗系下统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为1.0~1.4s,深度范围为1800~2000m,由此推测出中生界侏罗系与古生界寒武系地层分界线的深度为2000m左右;根据地震反射波阻抗差别推测出新元古界和太古界地层的分界面在地震剖面上出现的时间约为2.5s,其深度为4000m左右。本研究通过四条反射地震测线的数据基本上查明了泥河湾盆地位于探测区处第四系泥河湾组底界面的深度分布范围及起伏形态、侏罗系上统顶界面和下统底界面的大致埋深,为查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列提供了基础性的参考信息。     

Axially Symmetric Cosmic Strings in a Scalar-Tensor Theory

Axially symmetric cosmological models with cosmic string source are obtained in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez and Ballester (Phys. Lett. A113, 467, 1985). The models obtained give us axially symmetric geometric (Nambu) string, p-string and Reddy string (Astrophys. Space Sci. 286, 2003b) in Saez-Ballester theory. Some physical properties of the models are also discussed.     

Effect of soil interaction on the performance of liquid column dampers for seismic applications

The effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) while designing the liquid column damper (LCD) for seismic vibration control of structures have been presented in this study. The formulation for the input–output relation of a flexible‐base structure with attached LCD has been presented. The superstructure has been modelled by a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system. The non‐linearity in the orifice damping of the LCD has been replaced by equivalent linear viscous damping by using equivalent linearization technique. The force–deformation relationships and damping characteristics of the foundation have been described by complex valued impedance functions. Through a numerical stochastic study in the frequency domain, the various aspects of SSI on the functioning of the LCD have been illustrated. A simpler approach for studying the LCD performance considering SSI, using an equivalent SDOF model for the soil–structure system available in literature by Wolf (Dynamic Soil–Structure Interaction. International Series in Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. Prentice‐Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985) has also been presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determining the equivalent permeability tensor for fractured rock masses using a stochastic REV approach: Method and application to the field data from Sellafield,UK

A numerical procedure to determine the equivalent permeability tensor of a fractured rock is presented, using a stochastic REV (Representative Elementary Volume) concept that uses multiple realizations of stochastic DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) models. Ten square DFN models are generated using the Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture system based on the data obtained from a site characterization program at Sellafield, Cumbria, UK. Smaller models with varying sizes of from 0.25 m×0.25 m to 10 m×10 m are extracted from the generated DFN models and are used as two-dimensional geometrical models for calculation of equivalent permeability tensor. The DFN models are also rotated in 30º intervals to evaluate the tensor characteristics of calculated directional permeability. Results show that the variance of the calculated permeability values decreases significantly as the side lengths of the DFN models increase, which justifies the existence of a REV. The REV side length found in this analysis is about 5 m and 8 m with 20% and 10% acceptable variations, respectively. The calculated directional permeability values at the REV size have tensor characteristic that is confirmed by a close approximation of an ellipse in a polar plot of the reciprocal of square roots of the directional permeability.