多角度弹性阻抗反演在准噶尔盆地风城地区的应用

准噶尔盆地西北缘风城地区二叠系风城组岩性复杂,沉积岩、白云岩、火山岩三大岩类均有发育,储层预测困难,制约了该区的油气勘探。这里研究采用多角度弹性阻抗联合反演方法,针对目的层开展基于岩石物理建模考虑的测井资料分析与解释工作,选择合适的岩石物理建模方法来完成工区内所有井的横波预测,优选弹性参数建立工区岩性含油气性与弹性参数量板,针对工区复杂的构造背景,建立带逆断层的构造模型用于反演初始模型的建立。通过多次反演参数试验,完成了工区的储层预测工作。实际效果分析表明,多角度弹性参数反演结果与已钻井吻合较好,同时还预测了新的含油气区,证明了此项技术在该区行之有效。     

煤矿三维地震勘探技术发展趋势

我国煤田三维地震勘探经过20余年的发展,已成为当前煤田地质勘探的主流技术,随着煤矿采掘现代化及安全保障系统对勘探精度要求的提高,三维地震勘探技术也须与之相适应,不断地探索与发展。参考近年来相关研究成果与勘探实例,对可在煤田地质勘探中大面积推广应用的三维地震勘探技术进行了介绍,其中包括：高密度空间采样、数字检波器、高精度静校正技术、叠前时间（深度）偏移技术、分频解释技术、波阻抗反演技术、相干体技术,同时也简要介绍了在煤田勘探方面有发展前景的多分量及各向异性技术。     

Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

During the China’s first gas hydrate drilling expedition -1 (GMGS-1), gas hydrate was discovered in layers ranging from 10 to 25 m above the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Shenhu area, South China Sea. Water chemistry, electrical resistivity logs, and acoustic impedance were used to estimate gas hydrate saturations. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the chloride concentrations range from 0 to 43% of the pore space. The higher gas hydrate saturations were present in the depth from 152 to 177 m at site SH7 and from 190 to 225 m at site SH2, respectively. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity using Archie equation have similar trends to those from chloride concentrations. To examine the variability of gas hydrate saturations away from the wells, acoustic impedances calculated from the 3 D seismic data using constrained sparse inversion method were used. Well logs acquired at site SH7 were incorporated into the inversion by establishing a relation between the water-filled porosity, calculated using gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity logs, and the acoustic impedance, calculated from density and velocity logs. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from acoustic impedance of seismic data are ∼10-23% of the pore space and are comparable to those estimated from the well logs. The uncertainties in estimated gas hydrate saturations from seismic acoustic impedances were mainly from uncertainties associated with inverted acoustic impedance, the empirical relation between the water-filled porosities and acoustic impedances, and assumed background resistivity.     

Application of constrained sparse spike inversion in reservoir predication:a case study of Oriente Basin in South America

In the conditions of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of seismic data and a small quality of log information,the consequences of seismic interpretation through the impedance inversion of seismic data could be more precise. Constrained sparse spike inversion(CSSI) has advantage in oil and gas reservoir predication because it does not rely on the original model. By analyzing the specific algorithm of CSSI,the accuracy of inversion is controlled. Oriente Basin in South America has the low amplitude in geological...     

三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理及应用

本文论述了三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理，并从理论上论述了大地电磁测深中的静态效应是由电磁响应中与频率无关的静态项引起的，基于这一原理，本文提出了三维ＥＭＡＰ野外采集方式和数据处理方程。三维ＥＭＡＰ法不仅能消除ＭＴ中的静态效应，而且由于采集信息量大大增加，较常规ＭＴ有更好的地质效果，文中给出的实例证明了这一点。     

Simple formulas for the dynamic stiffness of pile groups

Simple formulas are derived for the dynamic stiffness of pile group foundations subjected to horizontal and rocking dynamic loads. The formulations are based on the construction of a general model of impedance matrices as the condensation of matrices of mass, damping, and stiffness, and on the identification of the values of these matrices on an extensive database of numerical experiments computed using coupled finite element–boundary element models. The formulations obtained can be readily used for the design of both floating piles on homogeneous half‐space and end‐bearing piles and are applicable for a wide range of mechanical and geometrical parameters of the soil and piles, in particular for large pile groups. For the seismic design of a building, the use of the simple formulas rather than a full computational model is shown to induce little error on the evaluation of the response spectra and time histories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probabilistic impedance of foundation: Impact of the seismic design on uncertain soils

In the linear seismic design of buildings, the (deterministic) substructure method is a customary and efficient approach. However, the existence of spatial variability in the parameters of the mechanical model of the soil, as well as parametric errors, calls for the use of probabilistic approaches in order to provide a reliable design of the structure. The construction of probabilistic models of the soil impedance matrix provides a natural path to such approaches within the context of the substructure method. Two main techniques are described in this paper: a parametric one, typically using the stochastic finite element method, and a nonparametric one, which was introduced more recently. The latter is explored more specifically, and the possibilities it offers in terms of seismic design are presented. In particular, it is shown that it allows for the estimation of quantiles of the quantities of interest, rather than confidence intervals, which lead to highly conservative design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identifying causes of ground-penetrating radar reflections using time-domain reflectometry and sedimentological analyses

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique widely used to study the shallow subsurface and identify various sediment features that reflect electromagnetic waves. However, little is known about the exact cause of GPR reflections because few studies have coupled wave theory to petrophysical data. In this study, a 100- and 200-MHz GPR survey was conducted on aeolian deposits in a quarry. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to obtain detailed information on the product of relative permittivity (ɛ_r) and relative magnetic permeability (μ_r), which mainly controls the GPR contrast parameter in the subsurface. Combining TDR data and lacquer peels from the quarry wall allowed the identification of various relationships between sediment characteristics and ɛ_rμ_r. Synthetic radar traces, constructed using the TDR logs and sedimentological data from the lacquer peels, were compared with the actual GPR sections. Numerous peaks in ɛ_rμ_r, which are superimposed on a baseline value of 4 for dry sand, are caused by potential GPR reflectors. These increases in ɛ_rμ_r coincide with the presence of either organic material, having a higher water content and relative permittivity than the surrounding sediment, or iron oxide bands, enhancing relative magnetic permeability and causing water to stagnate on top of them. Sedimentary structures, as reflected in textural change, only result in possible GPR reflections when the volumetric water content exceeds 0·055. The synthetic radar traces provide an improved insight into the behaviour of radar waves and show that GPR results may be ambiguous because of multiples and interference.     

桩基-非线性框剪结构相互作用体系(下)-- 相互作用对结构地震反应的影响

本文研究桩基-非线性框剪结构相互作用体系的地震反应。其中上部框架和剪力墙结构分别用门型单元和四弹簧墙单元进行分析;桩基阻抗函数通过单桩阻抗和动力相互作用因于求得。采用频-时域混合法求解体系的动力方程,本文研究了在桩基-框剪结构相互作用体系地震反应分析中,桩基阻抗的频率相关性对结构地震反应的影响,并从土体剪切波速和地震波强度两个方面,研究了土-桩-结构相互作用对框剪结构地震反应的影响。     

测井约束反演在隐蔽油气藏储层预测中的应用——以大港油田K46井区为例

在隐蔽油气藏勘探中,储层预测既是关键点又是难点。测井约束反演是隐蔽油气藏储层预测的一种行之有效的方法,通过对测井资料的校正、地震子波的提取、井震标定以及在沉积概念指导下的地质模型的精确建立,从而得到合理的初始阻抗模型,根据已知的地质规律并以钻井、测井资料为约束,预测储层的分布。在大港油田K46井区应用稀疏脉冲反演方法,成功地进行了隐蔽油气藏储层的预测,取得了明显的应用效果。