Effects of fluid displacement pattern on complex electrical impedance in Berea sandstone over frequency range 104–106 Hz

To better understand the effect of fluid distribution on the electric response of rocks saturated with oil and brine, we conducted experimental studies on the complex electrical impedance in a Berea sandstone, together with in situ acquisitions of oil distribution images employing a high‐resolution medical X‐ray computed tomography. We performed two tests of brine displacement by oil under high (10 MPa) and low (5 MPa) pressures, which were accompanied by fingering and stable displacement patterns, respectively. The measured complex impedance data were fitted to the Cole model to obtain the resistance, capacitance, peak frequency of the imaginary impedance, and the exponent α of the rock–fluid system. With increasing oil saturation, the resistance showed an increasing trend, whereas the other three parameters decreased. The fingering displacement exhibited lower resistance and capacitance than the stable displacement. The analysis of the resistance changes using a simple parallel connection model indicates that there are more components of residual brine in parallel connections in the fingering pattern than in the stable displacement pattern at the same saturation. We also interpreted the normalised changes in the capacitance (or apparent dielectric constant) with respect to the oil saturation via an analysis of the shape factor of fluid distribution based on the Maxwell–Wagner–Brugermann–Hanai model. The changes in the shape factor suggest that the pinch‐off of the brine in parallel connection by the oil is a dominant mechanism reducing the capacitance. In the stable displacement, most of the connections in the brine phase are immediately pinched off by oil displacement front at a local oil saturation of 65%. Conversely, in the fingering displacement, there is a transition from the bulk or layered brine to the pinched‐off at a local oil saturation below 60%. The analyses indicate that the difference in the fluid distribution under different fluid conditions is responsible for the non‐Archie behaviour.     

页岩储层叠前密度稳定反演方法

密度参数是页岩储层评价的重要敏感参数,但通常认为准确获得密度信息难度较大.本文探索提出了一种稳定的基于弹性阻抗的叠前密度反演方法,以提高优质页岩的识别精度.首先,基于不同的参数化弹性阻抗方程开展密度敏感性分析,优选了敏感性最高的Aki-Richards近似弹性阻抗方程作为反演方程.然后,在弹性阻抗方程线性化的基础上,假设反演方程系数矩阵的逆存在,将密度(取对数)表示为多个角度弹性阻抗(取对数)的加权和,通过井旁道弹性阻抗反演结果与测井数据的回归求取加权系数,避免了常规反演方法对大型系数矩阵的求逆计算,从而提高了密度反演的稳定性,同时由于利用测井资料作为匹配目标,密度反演的精度也得到了提高.模型试算和涪陵页岩气田的实际资料应用实践均表明了该方法能够有效地提高密度反演的精度与稳定性.     

层状饱和场地中圆柱形基础的阻抗函数

本文利用间接边界元法,建立层状饱和场地中三维土-基础动力相互作用模型,研究了孔隙中流体的存在、场地动力特性和圆柱形基础的高度对基础阻抗函数的影响。数值结果表明,孔隙中流体的存在对基础阻抗函数有明显的影响,尤其是水平和竖向分量;场地动力特性也对基础阻抗函数有明显的影响,层状饱和场地中阻抗函数围绕相应均匀半空间结果振荡,且基岩与土层刚度比越大或土层厚度越小,振荡的幅度越大,土层厚度越小,振荡的周期越小;另外,基础高度也对阻抗函数有明显的影响,随基础高度增大,阻抗函数逐渐增大。     

高温高压下辉石岩的电导率实验研究

使用YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高压设备和1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪,在1．0～4．0GPa和773～1134K下用阻抗谱法就位测定了辉石岩的电导率。实验结果表明,电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性;温度是决定辉石岩电导率的一个重要物理参数,电导率随着温度升高而增大,lgσ与I／T之间符合Arrenhius关系式;随着压力升高。电导率降低,活化焓和独立于温度的指前因子亦降低。     

基于立体层析反演的低频模型构建在深水区储层反演中的应用:以南海深水W构造为例

建立准确的低频模型是波阻抗反演中的重要环节,它直接影响着波阻抗反演结果的准确性。但是,常规模型建立方法的准确性受钻井数量影响明显,钻井数量越多,模型的准确性越高。在海洋深水油气勘探过程中,由于勘探费用昂贵,钻井数量非常少,很难通过常规方法建立准确的低频模型。特别是在沉积体横向特征变化较大时,地震反演的可靠性受到巨大影响。本文首先介绍了立体层析速度反演的基本理论和数据域、成像域立体层析速度反演的计算过程,综合数据域立体层析与成像域立体层析的优势获得了高精度速度模型;然后结合有限的钻井进行标定,构建出地震反演所需的低频模型,有效提升了低频模型的精度,使其达到可真实反映较大规模地质异常体的尺度;最后,将其应用于南海深水区W构造的勘探实践,提升了反演结果横向预测的准确性。     

Vertical dynamic impedance of pile considering the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil

A new analytical model is presented to analyze the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil on the vertical dynamic impedance of the pile. The surrounding soil of the pile is modeled by using the plane strain model and the pile is simulated by using one-dimensional elastic theory. Finite soil layers below the pile end are modeled as conical fictitious soil pile with stress diffusion angle which reflects the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil. By means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head in frequency domain is yielded. Then, a comparison with other models is performed to verify the conical fictitious soil pile model. Finally, based on the proposed solution, the selected numerical results are compared to analyze the influence of dynamic stress diffusion effect for different design parameters of the soil-pile system on the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head.     

储层重力密度反演后验约束正则化方法

本文针对蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)生产中开发监测问题,发展了综合应用地震及重力数据反演储层密度的联合反演算法.通过测井数据建立纵波阻抗与密度的直接关系,并推导出这种关系下重力与纵波阻抗数据联合反演的计算方法,从而计算出蒸汽腔体密度分布规律.文中应用密度反演后验约束正则化方法,采用Tikhonov正则化模型,通过波阻抗数据作为约束进行联合反演,在算法上提高了稳定性,同时得到较高的反演精度.文中对SAGD生产中的理论模型进行了方法试算,并分析了算法的误差,最终应用于SAGD生产的实际数据中,通过最终反演结果分析,该方法取得了很好的应用效果.     

考虑挤土效应时楔形桩纵向振动阻抗研究

基于复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,研究考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩的纵向振动问题。首先根据桩周土体的纵向成层情况并考虑楔形桩的变截面特性,将桩土系统沿纵向划分为有限个微元段,对每个微元段的桩周土体建立复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,并通过剪切复刚度递推方法求得桩周土作用在桩身的剪切复刚度;然后将求得的剪切复刚度代入桩身纵向振动控制方程,运用Laplace变换技术和阻抗函数递推方法,推导得到考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩纵向振动时桩顶复阻抗的解析解;最后,采用参数研究方法在低频范围内分析挤土效应对桩顶复阻抗的影响及其规律。     

基于方位各向异性弹性阻抗的裂缝岩石物理参数反演方法研究

裂缝储层岩石物理参数的准确获得对地下裂缝预测具有重要意义,而叠前地震反演是获得裂缝岩石物理参数的有效手段.本文从裂缝岩石物理等效模型的构建出发,从测井数据上估测了裂缝岩石物理参数,通过推导含裂缝岩石物理参数的方位各向异性弹性阻抗公式,探讨了基于方位各向异性弹性阻抗的裂缝岩石物理参数地震反演方法.实际工区地震数据应用表明,基于方位各向异性弹性阻抗的裂缝岩石物理参数反演方法合理、可靠,可以降低裂缝岩石物理参数估测的不确定性,为地下裂缝预测提供有力的依据.     

Simplified discrete systems for dynamic analysis of structures on footings and piles

A simplified discrete system in the form of a simple oscillator is developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of a structure founded through footings or piles on compliant ground, under harmonic excitation. Exact analytical expressions for the fundamental natural period and the corresponding damping coefficients of the above system are derived, as function of geometry and the frequency-dependent foundation impedances. In an effort to quantify the coupling between swaying and rocking oscillations in embedded foundations such as piles, the reference system is translated from the footing–soil interface to the depth where the resultant soil reaction is applied, to ensure a diagonal impedance matrix. The resulting eccentricity is a measure of the coupling effect between the two oscillation modes. The amounts of radiation damping generated from a single pile and a surface footing are evaluated. In order to compare the damping of a structure on a surface footing and a pile, the notion of static and geometric equivalence is introduced. It is shown that a pile may generate significantly higher radiation damping than an equivalent footing, thus acting as an elementary protective system against seismic action.