基于广义S变换时频滤波的MT数据去噪

针对油气勘探中大地电磁(MT)数据易受各类干扰的污染,且信噪难以分离的问题,把基于广义S变换的时频滤波技术应用于MT数据处理中来,得到MT数据的S域时频分布,分析受噪MT数据在S域的时频分布特征,再在S变换时频域进行时频阈值去噪,并对滤波后的S域时频谱进行逆变换重构,分离得到去噪后的MT数据。给出了基于广义S域时频滤波的方法原理与应用步骤,对被污染的仿真和实测MT数据进行了时频阈值滤波,并与小波阈值去噪方法进行了比较研究。结果表明：基于广义S变换的时频滤波方法可有效抑制MT数据中的干扰,从噪声信号中分离出有效的大地电磁数据,且减少了人为参与,提高了MT勘测的数据质量。     

波阻抗反演在东胜煤田勘探中的应用

东胜煤田为陆相沉积煤田,具有含煤层数多、厚度不均、层间距不稳定等特点,勘探区内地震反射波追踪对比存在多解性,严重影响了煤层的追踪对比。为破解该难题,对东胜煤田地震勘探资料进行了以模型为基础的多井约束岩性宽带反演,即:利用该勘探区的地震数据资料、对煤层反射波解释层位、断层数据,结合测井数据、岩性柱状数据及其它地质资料,进行多井约束下的二维叠后反演,对所得到的反演数据体再依据反演原理,结合已知测井数据进行地震属性反演,最终得到能够反映岩性变化的波阻抗数据。对波阻抗反演数据进行煤层追踪对比解释,准确圈定出区内煤层的赋存范围,并合理解释了煤层分叉、合并、尖灭及厚度变化等地质现象,取得了较为可靠的地质成果。     

三维地震勘探技术在新疆山区的应用效果

新疆准南煤田铁列克井田地形复杂,冲沟发育,多为"V"字型谷,沟谷坡度较陡,区内最高处海拔2 121m,最低处为铁列克河海拔1 471m,高差650m。针对该地区三维地震勘探的主要难点,提出了针对性的技术措施,除了确保野外地震采集质量及室内资料保真等处理外,资料解释采用了全三维精细解释。实际勘探成果证明三维地震勘探技术在西部山区也可取得较好的勘探效果,为西部矿井高产高效提供可靠的地质信息。     

波阻抗遗传算法反演方法的研究及应用

作者介绍的遗传算法是在自然界生物遗传过程优选和进化原理的基础上，针对波阻抗反演的实际问题，对标准的遗传算法进行了改进，引入了模拟退火算法中的热槽法控制初始群体的产生，用逐位迭代的交换方式代替传统的杂交方式即随机选择杂交点进行交换。使用改进的遗传算法对地震波阻抗进行反演，可很好地提高反演的精度。在文中最后，作者通过理论模型和实例验证了上述的思想。     

Systematic assessment of irregular building–soil interaction using efficient modal analysis

In this paper an efficient methodology applying modal analysis is developed to assess systematically the combined soil–structure interaction and torsional coupling effects on asymmetric buildings. This method is implemented in the frequency domain to accurately incorporate the frequency‐dependent foundation impedance functions. For extensively extracting the soil–structure interaction effects, a diagonal transfer matrix in the modal space is derived. A comprehensive investigation of asymmetric building–soil interaction can then be conveniently conducted by examining various types of response quantities. Results of parametric study show that the increasing height‐to‐base ratio of a structure generally amplifies its translational and torsional responses. Moreover, both the translational and torsional responses are reduced for the case where the two resonant frequencies are well separated and this reduction is enhanced with the decreasing values of the relative soil stiffness and the height‐to‐base ratio. The most noteworthy phenomenon may be the fact that the SSI effects can enlarge the translational response if the structure is slender and the two resonant frequencies are very close. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of soil–structure interaction effect in base-isolated bridges from earthquake records

Identification of system parameters with the help of records made on base-isolated bridge during earthquakes provides an excellent opportunity to study the performance of the various components of such bridge systems. Using a two-stage system identification methodology for non-classically damped systems, modal and structural parameters of four base-isolated bridges are reliably identified using acceleration data recorded during 18 earthquakes. Physical stiffness of reinforced concrete columns, dynamic properties of soil and foundation impedance are found by available theoretical models in conjunction with pertinent information from the recorded accelerographs. Soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect in these bridges is examined by comparing the identified and physical stiffness of the sub-structure components. It is found that SSI is relatively pronounced in bridges founded in weaker soils and is more strongly related to the ratio of pier flexural stiffness and horizontal foundation stiffness than soil shear modulus, G_s, alone. However, substantial reduction in G_s is observed for moderate seismic excitation and this effect should be taken into account while computing foundation impedance.     

层状地基中群桩水平振动

在考虑地基土分层的基础上,采用动力Winkler地基模型模拟桩土相互作用并运用传递矩阵,求解层状地基中的单桩和群桩的阻抗函数.在计算动力相互作用因子时考虑了被动桩与土的相互作用.最后将相互作用因子和群桩阻抗的本文解与精确解进行对比,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

合成地震记录在煤炭地震勘探中的应用

人工 合 成 地 震 记 录 是 利 用 已 知 测 井 资 料 ,通 过 数 学 方 法 模 拟 实 际 地 震 记 录 的 一 项 技 术 ,其 主 要 用 途 是 :鉴别 反 射 波,识 别多 次 波 ,建 立 地震 模 型 。该 技 术 在 铁法 矿 区 地 震勘 探 中 的 应用 ,优化 了 地 震 勘探 设 计 、提 高 了 采 集 及解 释 精 度、准 确标 定 地 质 层位 。     

Active sensing using impedance‐based ARX models and extreme value statistics for damage detection

In this paper, the applicability of an auto‐regressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) in the frequency domain to structural health monitoring (SHM) is established. Damage sensitive features that explicitly consider non‐linear system input/output relationships are extracted from the ARX model. Furthermore, because of the non‐Gaussian nature of the extracted features, Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) is employed to develop a robust damage classifier. EVS provides superior performance to standard statistical methods because the data of interest are in the tails (extremes) of the damage sensitive feature distribution. The suitability of the ARX model, combined with EVS, to non‐linear damage detection is demonstrated using vibration data obtained from a laboratory experiment of a three‐story building model. It is found that the vibration‐based method, while able to discern when damage is present in the structure, is unable to localize the damage to a particular joint. An impedance‐based active sensing method using piezoelectric (PZT) material as both an actuator and a sensor is then investigated as an alternative solution to the problem of damage localization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于弹性波阻抗的拉梅参数反演与应用

(Connolly的弹性阻抗(EI)公式是纵、横波速度、密度和入射角的函数,应用该公式的常规反演方法只能直接得到纵、横波速度和密度的信息,而且不同角度的弹性阻抗在数值上差别很大,不在同一尺度上,无法进行对比。本文针对常规反演方法的缺点,提出了基于Gray的Zoeppritz近似方程的新的弹性阻抗公式,并对这个公式进行了标准化以实现不同角度的弹性阻抗在数值上的统一,最后用标准化后的公式进行了反演,利用拉梅参数与弹性阻抗问的线性关系可从反演得到的弹性阻抗数据体中直接提取得到拉梅参数。应用实例表明用这种方法提取得到的弹性参数更加稳定、准确,而且能很好地反映储层信息。这种新的方法是对以Connolly公式为基础的传统方法的改进。