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41.
全球气候变化及其对社会与自然系统产生的影响已日益受到全世界各国政府与广大民众的关注。与天气和气候有关的灾害给人类生命财产造成的损失日益增大,社会与生态系统似乎变得日趋脆弱。人们关心刚刚过去的20世纪的天气与气候发生了什么变化,更希望了解未来的21世纪,人类居住的地球会出现什么样的气候情景。根据一些国家和地区的观测记录、研究成果以及科学家们对气候变化的评估与预测展望,对全球气候变化问题进行概括。首先阐明20世纪地区性气候变化的事实;并根据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)科学技术报告中关于20世纪全球气候变化进行的总结性评估以及对21世纪全球气候变化的预测,作为阐述过去与未来全球气候变化的主要依据。同时,还介绍了一些科学家对IPCC关于全球气候变化的结论所持的不同观点或质疑。还就气候变化对社会与自然系统可能产生的影响略作论述。 相似文献
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Erkan Aydar Alain Gourgaud Inan Ulusoy Fabrice Digonnet Philippe Labazuy Erdal Sen Hasan Bayhan Turker Kurttas Arif Umit Tolluoglu 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):301-312
Mount Nemrut, an active stratovolcano in eastern Turkey, is a great danger for its vicinity. The volcano possesses a summit caldera which cuts the volcano into two stages, i.e. pre- and post-caldera. Wisps of smoke and hot springs are to be found within the caldera. Although the last recorded volcanic activity is known to have been in 1441, we consider here that the last eruption of Nemrut occurred more recently, probably just before 1597. The present active tectonic regime, historical eruptions, occurrence of mantle-derived magmatic gases and the fumarole and hot spring activities on the caldera floor make Nemrut Volcano a real danger for its vicinity. According to the volcanological past of Nemrut, the styles of expected eruptions are well-focused on two types: (1) occurrence of water within the caldera leads to phreatomagmatic (highly energetic) eruptions, subsequently followed by lava extrusions, and (2) effusions–extrusions (non-explosive or weakly energetic eruptions) on the flanks from fissures. To predict the impact area of future eruptions, a series of morphological analyses based on field observations, Digital Elevation Model and satellite images were realized. Twenty-two valleys (main transport pathways) were classified according to their importance, and the physical parameters related to the valleys were determined. The slope values in each point of the flanks and the Heim parameters H/L were calculated. In the light of morphological analysis the possible impact areas around the volcano and danger zones were proposed. The possible transport pathways of the products of expected volcanic events are unified in three main directions: Bitlis, Guroymak, Tatvan and Ahlat cities, the about 135 000 inhabitants of which could be threatened by future eruptions of this poorly known and unsurveyed volcano. 相似文献
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金属成矿学研究的若干进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
主要讨论近10年来国内外在金属矿床地质研究中的若干进展,内容包括:成矿地质环境和深部背景;矿床、成矿带和全球的成矿作用演化;成矿系统和成矿动力学;地质流体与成矿作用以及超大型矿床的形成条件等。在这5个重点研究领域中,分别介绍了对它们的研究和已取得的一些进展,又展望了其在今后的研究前景。认为上述5个方面的系统深入研究,将构成21世纪上半世纪新的成矿理论基础,并将对金属矿产勘查工作有重大影响。 相似文献
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Martin Connors Alan R. Hildebrand Mark Pilkington Carlos Ortiz-Aleman Rene E. Chavez Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi Eduardo Graniel-Castro Alfredo Camara-Zi Juan Vasquez John F. Halpenny 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(3):F11-F14
The buried Chicxulub impact structure is marked by a dramatic ring of sinkholes (called cenotes if containing water), and adjacent less prominent partial rings, which have been shown to coincide with maxima in horizontal gravity gradients and a topographic depression. These observations, along with the discreteness and spacing of the features, suggest a formation mechanism involving faulting in the outer slump zone of the crater, which would thus have a diameter of approximately 180 km.
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan. 相似文献
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan. 相似文献
46.
地幔流体的前缘研究 总被引:19,自引:8,他引:19
地幔流体是与地幔环境处于平衡的气体和挥发分。其主要化学组分为碳、氢、氧、氮、硫(CHONS)。它以富于地球内部原始组分为特征,但也包含部分再循环组分。地幔挥发分在弱还原条件下主要为CO2-H2O,强还原环境则以CH4-H2O-H2为主。地幔流体地球化学的重要性质为:(1)易溶于硅酸盐熔体;(2)净化作用;(3)再沉淀作用。近年来,有关地幔流体中稀有气体和挥发分的起源、分布及同位素组成等前缘领域的研究已取得重要进展。当前拟优先探索的问题包括气体裂化与金刚石成因,非生物成因地幔烃,地幔流体与成矿作用,以及地幔挥发分注入与地壳重熔等。 相似文献
47.
新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床成因的碳同位素证据 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床产在海西期花岗岩体中,矿石具十分独特的球状构造,石墨的δ13C值分布范围为-20.5‰-23.9‰,平均值为-22.0‰,表明该石墨矿床碳质的有机成因。围岩中特别是中石碳统的含碳沉积岩被海西中期花岗岩岩浆同化,使碳质聚集并重结晶成石墨。 相似文献
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