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影像匹配技术在图像处理与计算机视觉中有着非常重要的作用。最小二乘影像匹配方法是常用的匹配方法之一。本文简单介绍了目前影像匹配的几种方法及其优缺点,探讨了数字相机的检校原理与方法。重点介绍附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配的原理及匹配过程,结合交通事故处理的实例,论证了该方法的可行性。与传统方法相比,在测量精度、自动化程度以及数据三维可视化等方面具有明显优势。 相似文献
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图像处理技术在地质灾害监测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三维激光微位移监测技术是一种对地质灾害进行长期监测的新方法。该技术用激光作为光源,用CCD摄像器作为镜头,通过图象采集卡把视频信号采入计算机中,用与该仪器配套的专门软件对采集到的光斑图像进行处理,计算出光斑的三维中心坐标值,把该值和原点坐标值进行比较,就可以算出灾害体滑动的距离。该系统可以对灾害体进行长期、非接触监测,监测时间、监测频率可以任意设定。文章概括介绍该监测的原理,各个组成部分,重点介绍软件部分,即采集的视频信号进入计算机后的图像处理过程和数据库结构。该监测系统已在三块地区试运行了3个月,效果较好。 相似文献
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利用超声波扫描成像测井技术,在地质灾害的预防与环境保护中可以检测由于采矿而形成的冒落带、裂隙带、离层带、洞穴及软弱层的存在状况及部位,测定基岩风化蚀变程度及深度,在地质灾害与环境保护的治理时可以监测治理的质量,提供了直观精确可靠的基础资料。 相似文献
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任-侵位的岩浆体,在结晶分异、固化成岩过程中,一般都可分为:已结晶的固相岩体、正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体及未结晶的熔融相岩浆3部分.此时,若发生了地壳运动,地壳运动的构造作用力。使正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体发生可塑相变形,形成片麻化岩体;地壳运动(包括地震)时的构造作用力为脉动性质的挤压作用力;岩体发生片麻化的地壳运动,又使已结晶的固相岩体和围岩发生断裂活动,形成了断裂带控矿、容矿构造;未结晶的熔融相岩浆再度上升侵位,便形成了小侵入岩体控矿构造.残浆的形成与排出,控矿构造的发生、发展与控矿过程,都是在这次地壳运动过程中完成的.因此,对这次地壳运动可称成矿作用. 相似文献
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Introduction With the development of global tectonics and overall detections for global tectonics with multi-geophysical methods, ones can roundly study on the geological tectonics of sampling and magnetic stripe image, so as to summarize and interpret the geometrical and kinematical charac-teristics for the distribution of the ocean and the land, and spreading state of the global tectonics in a global scale. From a comprehensive view, the South and North hemispheres are clearly unsym-metrical… 相似文献
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Erkan Aydar Alain Gourgaud Inan Ulusoy Fabrice Digonnet Philippe Labazuy Erdal Sen Hasan Bayhan Turker Kurttas Arif Umit Tolluoglu 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):301-312
Mount Nemrut, an active stratovolcano in eastern Turkey, is a great danger for its vicinity. The volcano possesses a summit caldera which cuts the volcano into two stages, i.e. pre- and post-caldera. Wisps of smoke and hot springs are to be found within the caldera. Although the last recorded volcanic activity is known to have been in 1441, we consider here that the last eruption of Nemrut occurred more recently, probably just before 1597. The present active tectonic regime, historical eruptions, occurrence of mantle-derived magmatic gases and the fumarole and hot spring activities on the caldera floor make Nemrut Volcano a real danger for its vicinity. According to the volcanological past of Nemrut, the styles of expected eruptions are well-focused on two types: (1) occurrence of water within the caldera leads to phreatomagmatic (highly energetic) eruptions, subsequently followed by lava extrusions, and (2) effusions–extrusions (non-explosive or weakly energetic eruptions) on the flanks from fissures. To predict the impact area of future eruptions, a series of morphological analyses based on field observations, Digital Elevation Model and satellite images were realized. Twenty-two valleys (main transport pathways) were classified according to their importance, and the physical parameters related to the valleys were determined. The slope values in each point of the flanks and the Heim parameters H/L were calculated. In the light of morphological analysis the possible impact areas around the volcano and danger zones were proposed. The possible transport pathways of the products of expected volcanic events are unified in three main directions: Bitlis, Guroymak, Tatvan and Ahlat cities, the about 135 000 inhabitants of which could be threatened by future eruptions of this poorly known and unsurveyed volcano. 相似文献
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The objective of this experimental study was to account for the role of sediment availability and specific gravity on cluster formation and cluster geometric characteristics (spacing and size). To isolate the effects of sediment availability and specific gravity on cluster evolution, mono‐sized spheres were used to simulate the cluster evolutionary cycle. Overall, twelve experimental runs were carried out in the laboratory flume. Six of these tests were performed by using glass spheres (specific gravity, SG = 2·58) and the other six by employing an equal combination of glass and Teflon spheres (SG = 2·12) of the same diameter to evaluate the role of specific gravity on cluster evolution. The three sediment availability conditions that were investigated here simulated isolated gravel elements, pool–riffle sequences and densely packed gravel‐bed. An advanced image analysis technique was employed to track the evolution of cluster microforms and provide quantitative information about the size and shape of clusters and the number of clusters per unit area. The results of this study showed that: (1) sediment availability affects the architecture and size of cluster microforms; and (2) clusters consisting of mono‐sized sediments start disintegrating at twice the incipient conditions. By performing complementary tests for the isolated gravel elements case, it was found that the evolutionary cycle of individual clusters could be described as follows, in order of increasing stress: no cluster→two particle cluster→comet→triangle→rhomboid→break up. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献