Character and origin of variably deformed granitoids in central southern Sweden: implications from geochemistry and Nd isotopes

We present major and trace element data for eighteen 1.71–1.66 Ga granitoid samples, and Sm–Nd whole‐rock isotope data for eleven of these samples, in a transect across the border between the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) and the Eastern Segment in central southern Sweden. The geochemistry of the granitoids varies from alkalic to alkali‐calcic and peraluminous in the east to predominantly calc‐alkaline and metaluminous in the west. Rocks in the west also have lower SiO₂ contents. Trace element signatures favour formation in an active continental margin setting. Nd isotope data are completely overlapping along the transect and initial ε_Nd values are mildly depleted in the range +0.3 to +2.6. The combined data suggest that the magmas were derived mainly from juvenile, pre‐existing crust, increasingly mafic and less alkaline towards the west. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000303

The Xinjie layered intrusion in the Panxi region,SW China,hosts both Fe-Ti oxide and platinum-group element（PGE） sulfide mineralization.The intrusion can be divided,from the base upward,into UnitsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ,in terms of mineral assemblages.UnitsⅠandⅡare mainly composed of wehrlite and clino-pyroxenite, whereas UnitⅢis mainly composed of gabbro.PGE sulfide-rich layers mainly occur in Unit I, whereas thick Fe-Ti oxide-rich layers mainly occur in UnitⅢ.An ilmenite-rich layer occurs at the top of UnitⅠ.Fe-Ti oxides include magnetite and ilmenite.Small amounts of cumulus and intercumulus magnetite occur in UnitsⅠandⅡ.Cumulus magnetite grains are commonly euhedral and enclosed within olivine and clinopyroxene.They have high Cr₂O₃ contents ranging from 6.02 to 22.5 wt.%,indicating that they are likely an early crystallized phase from magmas.Intercumulus magnetite that usually displays ilmenite exsolution occupies the interstices between cumulus olivine crystals and coexists with interstitial clinopyroxene and plagioclase.Intercumulus magnetite has Cr₂O₃ ranging from 1.65 to 6.18 wt.%, lower than cumulus magnetite.The intercumulus magnetite may have crystallized from the trapped liquid.Large amounts of magnetite in UnitⅢcontains Cr₂O₃（<0.28 wt.%） much lower than magnetite in UnitsⅠandⅡ.The magnetite in UnitⅢis proposed to be accumulated from a Fe-Ti-rich melt.The Fe-Ti-rich melt is estimated to contain 35.9 wt.%of SiO₂,26.9 wt.%of FeO^t,8.2 wt.%of TiO₂,13.2 wt.%of CaO, 8.3 wt.%of MgO,5.5 wt.%of Al₂O₃ and 1.0 wt.%of P₂O₅.The composition is comparable with the Fe-rich melts in the Skaergaard and Sept Iles intrusions.Paired non-reactive microstructures,granophyre pockets and ilmenite-rich intergrowths,are representative of Si-rich melt and Fe-Ti-rich melt,and are the direct evidence for the existence of an immiscible Fe-Ti-rich melt that formed from an evolved ferro-basaltic magma.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000655

Four different varieties of charnockitic rocks,with different modes of formation,from the Mesoproterozoic Natal belt are described and new C isotope data presented.Excellent coastal exposures in a number of quarries and river sections make this part of the Natal belt a good location for observing charnockitic field relationships.Whereas there has been much debate on genesis of charnockites and the use of the term charnockite.it is generally recognized that the stabilization of orthopyroxene relative to biotite in granitoid rocks is a function of low aH₂O（±high CO₂）,high temperature,and composition （especially Fe/（Fe +Mg））.From the Natal belt exposures,it is evident that syn-emplacement.magmatic crystallization of chamockite can arise from mantle-derived differentiated melts that are inherently hot and dry（as in the Oribi Gorge granites and Munster enderbite）,as well as from wet granitic melts that have been affected through interaction with dry country rock to produce localized charnockitic marginal facies in plutons（as in the Portobello Granite）.Two varieties of post-emplacement sub-solidus chamockites are also evident.These include charnockitic aureoles developed in leucocratic,biotite.garnet granite adjacent to cross-cutting enderbitic veins that are attributed to metamorphic-metasomatic processes（as in the Nicholson’s Point granite,a part of the Margate Granite Suite）,as well as nebulous,patchy charnockitic veins in the Margate Granite that are attributed to anatectic metamorphic processes under low-aH_O fluid conditions during a metamorphic event.These varieties of chamockite show that the required physical conditions of their genesis can be achieved through a number of geological processes,providing some important implications for the classification of charnockites,and for the interpretation of charnockite genesis in areas where poor exposure obscures field relationships.     

Trace element geochemistry of the Mt Vulture carbonatites,southern Italy

The Mt Vulture carbonatites are the only carbonatite occurrence in the southern Apennines. We present new trace element data for these rocks in order to evaluate the factors influencing rare earth element (REE) and other trace element fractionations and their REE grade. This study focuses on massive hyalo-alvikites from two lava flows and one dike, which have different relative abundances of silicate and carbonate (i.e. Si/Ca). These differences are also evident from CaO/(CaO + MgO + FeO(T) + MnO) and Sr/Ba ratios. The REE grade of the Mt Vulture carbonatites is very similar to that of the global average for calcio-carbonatites. R-mode factor analysis shows that most of the trace element variance reflects the relative roles of carbonate and silicate minerals in influencing trace element distributions. Silicates largely control heavy rare earth element (HREE), transition metal, Zr, and Th abundances, whereas carbonate minerals control light rare earth element (LREE), Ba, and Pb abundances. In addition, apatite influences LREE concentrations. Increasing silica contents are accompanied by decreases in (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N ratios and less marked LREE enrichment. In contrast, higher carbonate contents are associated with increases in (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N. The Si/Ca ratio has little influence on Eu anomalies and middle rare earth element (MREE) to HREE fractionations. Apatite has a negligible effect on inter-REE fractionations amongst the carbonatites.     

Petrogenesis of the Late Jurassic Laomengshan rhyodacite (Southeast China): constraints from zircon U–Pb dating,geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes

Extensive magmatism occurred in southeast China during Late Jurassic time, forming large-scale granitic and volcanic rocks associated with non-ferrous, rare earth and rare, radioactive metal deposits. The Shuikoushan Pb–Zn–Au orefield is a typical example located in Hunan Province. This study reports LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock chemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions, and in situ Hf isotopic geochemistry of zircons from the Laomengshan rhyodacite in the Shuikoushan Pb–Zn–Au orefield. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted average age of 156.7 ± 1.6 Ma for the intrusion of the rhyodacite. The rhyodacite samples are mainly shoshonitic series, having metaluminous to weakly peraluminous A/CNK values ranging from 0.96 to 1.09, with moderately high magnesium content (Mg# = 42.4–47.5). Samples display high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values (0.71165–0.71176), low ε_Nd(T) values (?10.7 to ?10.3), old Nd model ages (T_DM = 1.73–1.86 Ga), and relatively homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions [(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 18.365–18.412, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 15.663–15.680, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 38.625–38.666]. The zircons exhibit enriched ε_Hf(T) values (?16.22 to ?9.86) and old two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2 = 1.82–2.22 Ga). All the above data indicate that the Laomengshan rhyodacite originated from melting Palaeoproterozoic basement, perhaps contaminated by subordinate mantle melts. Intense extension and thinning of the continental lithosphere during Late Jurassic time resulted in melting of upwelling asthenosphere, and mafic mantle melts interacted with and melted Palaeoproterozoic lower crust, thus forming the Laomengshan rhyodacite.     

A slab break-off model for mafic–ultramafic igneous complexes in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,northern Tibet: insights from early Palaeozoic accretion related to post-collisional magmatism

ABSTRACT

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) in northern Tibet provides an important record of the amalgamation of the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau and the Qaidam Block. Here we report geochemical, geochronological, and Hf isotopic data for newly identified late Silurian–Early Devonian mafic–ultramafic igneous complexes from the EKOB at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. These complexes are dominantly composed of gabbro and pyroxenite rocks. Three complexes yield zircon U–Pb ages of 398.8 ± 1.8, 420.2 ± 1.2, and 413.4 ± 0.78 Ma. The ε_Hf(t) values of zircons range from +0.8 to +3.3 with T_DM1 ages of 897 to 998 Ma. Modelling of the geochemical data indicates that these igneous complexes have a hybrid origin, involving depleted mantle fluids derived from a previous subduction event and crustal materials. The geochemical and geochronological data suggest that these complexes formed in a post-collisional setting linked to break-off of a subducted oceanic slab, which occurred after the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau amalgamated with the Qaidam Block in the late Silurian–Early Devonian.     

The contribution of the Emeishan large igneous province to the strontium isotope evolution of the Capitanian seawater

ABSTRACT

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr minimum of the Capitanian seawater is one of the most significant features in the Phanerozoic seawater ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr history. In order to assess possible contribution of the Emeishan large igneous provinces (LIPs) to strontium isotope evolution of the Capitanian seawater, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were measured from the Capitanian limestones which are locally interlayered with the Emeishan basalts. The limestones underlying the Emeishan basalts have high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7070–0.7074). However, extremely low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7068–0.7070) were identified in the late Capitanian Jinogondolella prexuanhanensis–J. xuanhanensis zones, which correspond to the eruption time of the Emeishan LIP. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a potential linkage between Capitanian ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr minimum and eruption of this igneous province. The strong submarine hydrothermal activity and erosion of the Emeishan LIP could have released large amounts of non-radiogenic Sr to the oceans and play an important role in strontium isotope evolution of the seawater.     

峨眉山地幔柱轴部位置的讨论

本文对峨眉山地幔柱的轴部位置进行了探讨,认为其应在米易—永仁一带。利用经典地幔柱模型,估算出峨眉山地幔柱到达上地幔时轴部直径大约为65～105km,高温苦橄岩的分布和差异剥蚀程度显示中心区的范围约为260～300km。深大断裂带、古地貌等因素控制了溢流玄武岩的喷发和展布,使得轴部岩浆的喷发偏于西部,形成了大理-丽江一带的苦橄岩分布较多的现象。     

祁连-龙首山元古宙大火成岩省与金川型铜镍矿关系探讨

祁连-龙首山地区发育多处镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,其成矿表现及与金川矿床所代表的大规模岩浆事件的关系尚不清晰。本次研究通过区域地质建造对比、详细剖面刻画,岩石学、地球化学辅助,厘定了祁连-龙首山地区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体年代学格架与含矿性评价,初步表明金川超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床是新元古代大规模岩浆事件的产物,可能与诺迪尼亚超大陆的裂解所导致的大火成岩省有关。在其外围,发育有多期镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,尽管南祁连化隆地区所发现的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体与金川铜镍矿为非同期的产物,但也表明是一期比较重要的岩浆铜镍矿成矿事件,对于拓展区域找矿实现找矿突破具有重要作用。     

水与大火成岩省的形成

大火成岩省(LIPs)是发生在板块内部的超大规模岩浆活动的产物,其成因一直是地学界研究的前沿和热点。影响LIPs形成的主要因素包括温度、压力、源岩性质和源区水含量,虽然已积累较多的成果,但对于地幔源区中的水是否影响及如何影响LIPs的形成,目前还知之甚少。本文回顾了已有的实测LIPS水含量研究工作,并介绍了一种新的分析手段,即利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测定早期结晶的单斜辉石斑晶水含量,然后结合水在单斜辉石斑晶和熔体间的分配系数来反演得到LIPs的"原始"水含量。通过塔里木和峨眉山两个大火成岩省的研究实例,综合评价了温度、压力、源岩性质和水含量这4个因素的影响,指出很可能只有当这些因素同时具备了才能产生LIPs。