全球化形象与环保形象对消费行为意向的影响——基于国际快时尚品牌H&M的案例

全球化与消费主义盛行的时代,过度消费与环境保护之间的矛盾持续存在。消费者在追求物质满足的同时环境意识渐增,而品牌则以全球化形象与环保形象来响应消费者的需求变化。以国际快时尚品牌H&M为研究案例,使用结构方程模型,回收有效问卷265份,采用SPSS 19.0和Lisrel 8.72软件进行分析,探讨跨地方经营背景下,国际快时尚品牌全球化形象与环保形象如何影响中国消费者的消费行为意向。研究发现：① 消费者全球文化身份对品牌全球化形象感知的总影响、品牌全球化感知对国际快时尚品牌消费行为意向的总影响最大,表明全球化与现代性仍然是中国消费者品牌购买行为意向的最重要影响因素。② 消费者环境友好自我身份与品牌环保形象感知对国际快时尚品牌消费行为意向的影响最弱,即自认为具有环境友好自我身份的消费者仍然在支持快时尚品牌,验证了在生产与消费空间分离背景下,国际快时尚品牌塑造品牌环保形象是资本追求利润最大化的品牌经营策略。同时检验中国消费者的身份建构与国际快时尚品牌形象对消费行为意向的影响,有助于理解在国际快时尚品牌跨地方经营过程中供需双方的互动关系及背后的文化地理逻辑,也更加深刻地剖析全球化背景下资本追逐利润最大化过程中的品牌经营环保局限。     

丽江古城慢活地方性的呈现与形成

慢活的空间体验与追寻是人们对当代社会“束缚与压抑”的抵抗和逃避,其为特定区域的地方性理论研究提供了鲜活的实证案例。本文以丽江古城为研究案例地,基于对原住民、外来经营者、旅游者和政府管理人员的访谈资料,同时以网络日志为分析文本,在构建地方性呈现与形成分析框架的基础上,从外部认同的角度对丽江慢活地方性特质呈现及其形成机制进行了探讨。研究发现：丽江古城慢活地方性的具体维度可由区位、场所、地方感加以呈现,其中,区位包括比较区位与现实区位,场所包括外部环境、内部空间与社交活动,地方感则包括情感与延续行为。丽江古城慢活的地方性形成来源于多元主体的共同建构,其中,原住民经由历史及文化积淀而形成的慢活理念是丽江古城慢活的精神本底,这种地方性特质被外来经营者加以营造和推广,使慢活特质得以强化并成为地方性表征,这同时满足了旅游者的需求,在旅游者的认同助推下更为显化,三个主体的共同作用使慢活特质成为丽江古城不可或缺的地方性构成。此外,本文还对旅游场域下地方性的特殊性与不同范式下的地方性形成机制进行了探讨。     

跨境流动视阈下的节庆文化与民族认同研究——中越边境苗族花山节案例

边界是分割不同政治实体的界线,但国家对于边界的管治往往是有弹性的,因而孕育了丰富的“流动”,成为经济融合、社会交流与文化对话的重要场域。跨境民族是受其影响的典型群体,他们在原本生活区域被分隔的情况下,从未间断过跨境流动。总体来看,跨境流动过程中的文化认同及其形成机制是多元复杂的。本文以云南省河口县中越边境地区的苗族花山节为研究切入点,通过质性研究方法探讨节庆所折射的民族文化认同与国家认同的建构过程。研究发现：跨界的流动性加强了民族文化的交流与认同,共同促成了花山节的文化传承,维系了跨境民族的亲缘关系。这样的跨界流动亦强化了边界所形成的发展轨迹差异的感知,从而增强了中国籍苗族边民的国家认同与国家自豪感。     

Agricultural production and greenhouse gas emissions from world regions—The major trends over 40 years

Since 1970, global agricultural production has more than doubled with agriculture and land-use change now responsible for ∼1/4 of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Yet, while greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of agricultural product have been reduced at a global level, trends in world regions have been quantified less thoroughly. The KPI (Kaya-Porter Identity) is a novel framework for analysing trends in agricultural production and land-use change and related GHG emissions. We apply this to assess trends and differences in nine world regions over the period 1970–2007. We use a deconstructed analysis of emissions from the mix of multiple sources, and show how each is changing in terms of absolute emissions on a per area and per produced unit basis, and how the change of emissions from each source contributes to the change in total emissions over time. The doubling of global agricultural production has mainly been delivered by developing and transitional countries, and this has been mirrored by increased GHG emissions. The decoupling of emissions from production shows vast regional differences. Our estimates show that emissions per unit crop (as kg CO₂-equivalents per Giga Joule crop product), in Oceania, have been reduced by 94% from 1093 to 69; in Central & South America by 57% from 849 to 362; in sub-Saharan Africa by 27% from 421 to 309, and in Europe by 56% from 86 to 38. Emissions per unit livestock (as kg CO₂-eq. GJ⁻¹ livestock product) have reduced; in sub-Saharan Africa by 24% from 6001 to 4580; in Central & South America by 61% from 3742 to 1448; in Central & Eastern Asia by 82% from 3,205 to 591, and; in North America by 28% from 878 to 632. In general, intensive and industrialised systems show the lowest emissions per unit of agricultural production.     

基于SoftGIS的土地利用地域性认同测度研究——以荷兰为例

在剖析地域性认同双重内涵及其与土地利用关系的基础上,结合SoftGIS技术,研究构建土地利用地域性认同测度方法,并以荷兰为例进行实证分析。数据分析显示,传统GIS数据可与土地利用认知数据相融合,基于核密度修正法构建的土地利用地域性认同指数可测度地域性认同的空间差异,应用于土地利用评价或规划决策。结论表明,测度平台在问卷设计和调查空间尺度上具有灵活性,数据收集快捷,通过平台的高清卫星地图定位,调查对象可反馈空间准确、情景真实的土地利用地域性认同信息。     

Urban Community Garden Agrodiversity and Cultural Identity in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, U.S.

Considerable research has examined the social, cultural, economic, and community benefits of urban gardening. Few studies, however, have empirically assessed factors that influence urban community garden agrodiversity or its relationship to these dimensions of gardening. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of agrodiversity and cultural identity, based certain markers of identity, including how people see themselves with respect to race, ethnicity, or place of origin, in community gardens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We conducted fifty‐six semistructured interviews with gardeners with different cultural identities in eight community gardens on their motivations for urban community gardening during 2014. We conducted plant inventories of the corresponding garden plots and found 104 cultivated edible and ornamental species and 28 varieties representing 34 families. We find that although gardens with culturally diverse gardeners did not have higher species richness, the cultural identity of the gardeners influenced species selection and reason for gardening. Further, the structure, design and species composition of garden plots reflected the identities of garden members. These finding have implications for the recent institutionalization of urban agriculture into city land policies in Philadelphia and other cities in North America.     

遮浪湾浮游幼虫主要类别的形态

在对粤东遮浪湾浮游幼虫样品进行初步鉴定和分类的基础上,对其中主要类别的45个典型幼虫作简要的形态描述。湾中浮游幼虫分属12个动物门,30种类型,其中环节动物多毛类幼虫分属10个科。个别类型和形态的浮游幼虫在我国海区属首次报道。     

Formation of a regional image through geography textbooks: The case of north-west Bohemia

The purpose of the article is to examine the ways in which regional geography textbooks are used in elementary education, using north-west Bohemia as a case study. The authors analysed 18 textbooks published since the beginning of the 20th century, in two steps: (1) the construction of geographical names frequency maps indicating which parts of the case region are accentuated or suppressed in individual textbooks, and (2) a qualitative analysis of the textbooks’ content. The study revealed that a complex image of north-west Bohemia in interwar period in Czechoslovakia and in the period of accession to the European Union is presented in the textbooks. The textbooks published during communist era are imbued with the adoration of local industries, whereas those published later, in the period of political and socio-economic transformation, accentuate the risks of excessive environmental exploitation. At any time since the beginning of the 20th century, the places and regions that represent the values preferred by the governing ideology are emphasized within the studied textbooks. Thus, the geography textbooks, that reflect the society-wide discourse, disseminate not only knowledge but also dominant values. In this way, a desired image of reality is created that legitimates the aims and stances of those in power.     

Climate change action as a project of identity: Eight meta-analyses

Identity can improve our understanding of personal climate action, particularly when climate action becomes an expression of a person’s self. However, it is unclear which kind of self or identity is most relevant. Building on a comprehensive series of eight meta-analyses (using data from 188 published articles, N = 414,282 participants) this research systematically compares how strongly climate-friendly intentions and behaviors are associated with place identity, personal connectedness to nature, environmental self-identity (i.e., personal self-definition as a pro-environmentally acting person), and social identity (i.e., identification with social groups). Results suggest robust, medium-sized to strong links of both pro-environmental intentions and behaviors to people’s nature connectedness (r = 0.44/0.52), environmental self-identity (r = 0.62/0.56), and identification with groups considered to support climate-friendly behavior (r = 0.48/0.51), but markedly weaker effects for identification with groups which are unrelated to environmental topics (r = 0.30/0.15) and for place identity (r = 0.18/0.32). Implications for policy interventions and psychological theory are discussed.