吉林省大横路铜、钴矿床地质特征及控矿因素

大横路地区出露地层主要为元古界老岭群大栗子组和珍珠门组的低绿片岩相 -高绿片岩相到低角闪岩相的变质岩系 ,北部有少量英云闪长岩 -奥长花岗岩和表壳岩残块。侵入岩主要以燕山期基性 -中基性为主。铜钴矿床产于含碳绢云千枚岩中 ,矿体长 36 0～ 140 0m ,宽 95～ 80 0m ,厚 3～ 10 8.7m ,呈层状、似层状、分枝状 ,矿石以浸染状为主 ,次为脉状、网脉状。矿床属多期多成因类型 ,主要受大栗子组地层、北东向断裂构造和变质作用控制 ,并有岩浆热液的叠加。     

Gold Mineralization and Occurrence of Sinter in the Hoshino Area, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

Abstract. Several epithermal gold deposits occur in the Hoshino area, which is located in the western end of the late Cenozoic Hohi volcanic zone, north‐central Kyushu, Japan. The area is characterized by intermediate to felsic extrusive rocks of Pliocene age. In the Hoshino area, the shallow manifestation of the hydrothermal activity is exposed on the surface. Several outcrops of sinter are still preserved on the top of hydro thermally altered volcanic rocks, and high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins occur on the surface at lower levels. The hydrothermal alteration resulted into well‐developed alteration zones. The zonal alteration pattern, primarily of near‐neutral pH type, is characterized by the outer smectite zone of a lower temperature, and the inner mixed layer minerals zone of a higher temperature. Quartz vein‐related or fracture‐controlled alteration, is represented by the occurrence of interstratified illite/smectite and K‐feldspar, suggesting a potassium‐enriched alteration. The mineralization in the Hoshino area is recognized on the surface by the occurrence of gold‐bearing quartz veins distributed mainly in the mixed layer minerals zone. The fracture system related to the gold mineralization is mainly characterized by NW‐SE trend. The alteration pattern and the mineralogical composition of the veins suggest that the mineralizing fluids had near‐neutral pH and the mineralization is of low‐sulfidation‐type. Fluid inclusion data and textures observed in quartz veins indicate that gold precipitated during boiling. The chemical composition of quartz veins shows that high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins are characterized by higher content of Al₂O₃, K₂O and Rb. Several outcrops of silica‐sinters are distributed on the top of the mixed layer minerals zone. Although their structures are not very well preserved, because of later silicification, the Hoshino sinters still show characteristic textures identical to those observed in modern sinters, such as the presence of plant fossil incorporated into the sinters, the strongly developed depositional laminations and the columnar structures perpendicular to the depositional surfaces. Quartz is the only silica mineral constituting the Hoshino sinters presently. The conversion of amorphous silica into quartz was probably governed by higher temperatures resulting from later hydrothermal activity. This later hydrothermal activity is reflected by the intense silicification affecting mainly the lower parts of the sinters and also by the presence of quartz veins cutting the sinters. The distribution of sinters in the Hoshino area is very significant. The presence beneath the sinters of concealed high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins should be highly considered and exploration work is strongly suggested.     

Genesis of chlorine and sulphur in fumarolic emissions at Vulcano Island (Italy): assessment of pH and redox conditions in the hydrothermal system

Chlorine- and sulphur-bearing compounds in fumarole discharges of the La Fossa crater at Vulcano Island (Italy) can be modelled by a mixing process between magmatic gases and vapour from a boiling hydrothermal system. This allows estimating the compounds in both endmembers. Magma degassing cannot explain the time variation of sulphur and HCl concentrations in the deep endmember, which are more probably linked to reactions of solid phases at depth, before mixing with the hydrothermal vapours. Based on the P–T conditions and speciation of the boiling hydrothermal system below La Fossa, the HCl and S_tot contents in the hydrothermal vapours were used to compute the redox conditions and pH of the aqueous solution. The results suggest that the haematite–magnetite buffer controls the hydrothermal fO₂ values, while the pH has increased since the end of the 1970s. The main processes affecting pH values may be linked to Na–Ca exchanges between evolved seawater, feeding the boiling hydrothermal system, and local rocks. While Na is removed from water, calcium enters the solution, undergoes hydrolysis and produces HCl, lowering the pH of the water. The increasing water–rock ratio within the hydrothermal system lowers the Ca availability, so the aqueous solution becomes less acidic. Seawater flowing towards the boiling hydrothermal brine dissolves a large quantity of pyrite along its path. In the boiling hydrothermal system, dissolved sulphur precipitates as pyrite and anhydrite, and becomes partitioned in vapour phase as H₂S and SO₂. These results are in agreement with the paragenesis of hydrothermal alteration minerals recovered in drilled wells at Vulcano and are also in agreement with the isotopic composition of sulphur emitted by the crater fumaroles.     

南极格罗夫山陨石的研究与展望

本文综述了我国第 1 5次 ( 1 998/ 1 999)、1 6次 ( 1 999/ 2 0 0 0 )南极科学考察队在东南极格罗夫山冰区回收的 32块陨石的岩石矿物学特征及其分类。这些陨石包括 :2 3块平衡型普通球粒陨石、6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石、1块二辉橄榄岩质火星陨石、1块钙长辉长无球粒陨石、1块未分群的铁陨石。文中还对南极格罗山冰区的陨石富集机制、GRV 980 0 4 (H5 )球粒陨石异常低的宇宙射线暴露年龄、火星陨石的溅射年龄等进行了初步的讨论 ,并对今后格罗夫山陨石的研究提出一些初步想法。     

锡铁山铅锌矿地质特征、矿床成因及找矿标志

通过找矿工作的实践，认为锡铁山铅锌矿床是由火山喷流沉积—后期热液叠加改造富集的块状硫化物多金属矿床。区域上NW—SE向早古生代形成的裂谷带，三级盆地内沉积的晚奥陶世滩间山群的大理岩与绿片岩系是表区找矿的最佳区段。而绢云绿泥斜长片岩、含碳质绢云绿泥片岩、白色大理岩、条带状大理岩是铅锌矿的最重要的找矿标志。     

青海锡铁山热水沉积型铅锌矿床的地球化学特征

通过对锡铁山铅锌矿床的围岩(矿石)化学成分、稀土及微量元素特征的研究，发现矿区地层普遍具有铈负异常(δCe=0．47～0．90)，为海相沉积岩，近矿围岩中Ag、Hg、As、Sb、Ba等热水沉积指示元素偏高，显示成矿流体性质为热卤水，矿区火山岩不发育，矿床类型可以划为Sedex型。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

研究了安徽冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征（包裹体均一温度、盐度、压力、成分、流体的H，O，C和Cu同位素），探讨了成矿流体的性质及其来源。认为该矿床是在岩浆水和后期少量大气水的加入而形成的混合热液共同作用下，活化碳酸盐岩地层和石英闪长岩中的铜等成矿元素，形成含矿热液，并以铜的氯络合物方式运移，在弱还原性条件下使原始沉积矿胚层加厚变富。     

内蒙古虎拉林爆破角砾岩型金矿床特征

虎拉林金矿区主要地层为中侏罗统绣峰组陆源碎屑岩，岩浆岩以燕山期花岗斑岩和石英斑岩为主。在地层与岩体接触带附近发育爆破角砾岩，金矿(化)体主要受断裂控制而产于爆破角砾岩筒(带)中。矿区内已圈出6条矿(化)体，总体走向近SN，以1、2号为主要矿体。成矿与爆破角砾岩有关，形成一体多型的矿化分布形式。δ^34S变化范围为-0．2‰-0．8‰，具有深源岩浆S特征。S和Pb同位素、流体包裹体、稀土元素等特征表明，成矿物质来自地壳深部或地幔，成矿流体以深部岩浆热液为主。^39Al/^40Ari法测得金矿成矿年龄为135．5Ma。