数字水准仪应用于区域精密水准测量的有关问题研究

基于试验和实践,讨论了数字水准仪的特性和误差来源及其对观测结果的影响。在此基础上阐述了该仪器应用于区域精密水准测量中应予关注的各种问题和提高精度的措施。指出：应制定有关该仪器的测量规范。     

Property and performance amelioration of pelagic clay from the East Pacific

To make use of the pelagic clay as polymer filling, the properties of clay sediments from the ocean investigation zone of China in the East Pacific were studied by the SSA, XRF, ICP/MAS, FHR, XRD, SEM, DTA/TG and granularity distributing etc. , and experiments were settled to improve the whiteness and activation of the clay based on these data. Compared with land clay, pelagic clay holds many particular features, such as fine particles and incompact accumulation, worse crystallization and more defects, high activity, complex mineral and chemical components, and low whiteness etc. Processing the purified pelagic clay with acids and zinc, then baked it at different temperatures, the whiteness of clay can be increased from 23.8% to 73.1%, and the optimized conditions is : consistency of vitriol 25%, ratio of clay to water 4:1, reaction time 4h, reaction temperature 90℃, dosage of zinc 2.0 g/L, and baking temperature 700℃. And the SSA of whited clay is increased too. Using the dry milling method to modify the pelagic clay with organic reagents, the optimized technique is KH550, concentration 1.5%, reaction time 20 min. XRD,FTIR and SEM testing indicate that the mechanism of organic activation was mainly surface absorbing and chemical combination secondly.     

Thermal Lithospheric Thickness of the Sichuan Basin and its Geological Implications

Thermal lithospheric thickness is an important parameter in studying the tectonic-thermal evolution of basins and plate dynamics. Based on the measured geothermal data and thermophysical properties of the rocks, the thermal lithospheric thickness of the Sichuan Basin was calculated according to the principles of heat conduction in the crust and lithospheric mantle. The calculation results revealed that the thickness of the thermal lithosphere in the Sichuan Basin is 140–190 km and is unevenly distributed. The thickness of the thermal lithosphere in central Sichuan and southwestern Sichuan is less than 160 km, while that in the western Sichuan depression and eastern Sichuan is larger (~180 km). The distribution of the thermal lithospheric thickness in the basin has a good correlation with the geological units and the thickness of the sedimentary layers. The thickness of the thermal lithosphere in the depression area, which has thick sedimentary layers and the fault-fold zone with shallow crustal deformation and thickening, are larger than that in the basement uplifted area, which has thin sedimentary layers. The calculated thermal lithospheric thickness is in good agreement with the geophysical data and reflects the stable conduction temperature field in the Sichuan Basin. The present thermal regime and thermal lithospheric thickness of the Sichuan Basin indicate that flexural thickening of the lithosphere occurred in the eastern Sichuan fault-fold belt and the Longmen Mountain–Western Sichuan depression foreland basin system, while asthenospheric uplift occurred in the central Sichuan region, which were the result of the expansion of the Xuefeng orogeny from the east and the compression of the Tibetan Plateau from the west.     

腾格里沙漠边缘表土磁学性质及其意义

通过对腾格里沙漠边缘表土进行岩石磁学的测试和分析,发现样品中的磁性矿物主要是铁的氧化物。主要为磁铁矿,其次为磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿。磁颗粒以多畴和准单畴为主。样品之间低频磁化率值相差很大,靠近雅布赖山附近的样品明显高于其他样品。频率磁化率普遍很弱,最大3.7%,反映了该沙漠边缘区的干旱条件下所进行的以物理风化为主的地质过程。结果表明,本地区磁化率几乎不受成土作用的影响。磁化率增强机制与黄土高原不同,可能主要反映了局部地区的母质、地形和微气候的影响。     

东北漠河盆地北部电性特征及其地质意义

为了配合东北冻土区天然气水合物资源勘查工作,在东北漠河盆地北部开展了音频大地电磁测深工作.文中通过对音频大地电磁测深的二维地电断面解释结果与平面电阻率特征的对比分析,进行了电性单元和断裂的划分,并对地质上漠河盆地滨海隆起区西北部“一隆一凹”的构造格局进行了完善,形成了“两隆两凹,隆凹相间”的地质构造格局,初步查明了区域断裂构造的空间分布特征,其中F2、F4、F8断裂是次一级构造格局形成的控制性断裂,并结合地层的物性参数、冻土层分布厚度对天然气水合物成藏的有利条件进行了分析,提出北红村以南,即电性单元③为天然气水合物成藏的有利地区.     

柯坪地区下志留统储层性质及控制因素

野外露头浅钻取样分析发现,柯坪地区志留系下统柯坪塔格组的储层性质与塔北及塔中地区差别较大。柯坪地区的砂岩储层以粉细粒岩屑砂岩为主,处于晚成岩A2期,孔隙度主要为2%~6%,平均4.47%,渗透率主要为(0.01~0.1)×10-3μm2,平均0.06×10-3μm2,属于特低孔特低渗储层,而塔北及塔中地区以低孔低渗和中孔中渗为主。研究表明柯坪地区成岩压实、石英次生加大是储层物性的主控因素,储层经历长期深埋藏和短期浅埋藏,使成岩压实减孔率达30.4%;胶结作用所减少的孔隙量一般为1.5%~8%,致密胶结段可达10%~11%,石英次生加大所减少的孔隙量一般2%~4%,致密胶结段可达6%~8%;溶蚀作用及次生裂缝对储层物性改善不大,一般增孔量4%左右;成岩中后期强烈挤压构造运动对储层性质有重要影响。储层演化史表明晚二叠世、晚白垩世—早第三纪是油气聚集成藏期,随后遭后期构造运动破坏,油气逸散或发生氧化作用,柯坪塔格组含沥青砂岩即是这一过程的产物。     

地理信息产权在地理信息共享中的地位

地理信息资源共享是随着人类文明的诞生而出现的,自古以来人们都在共享他人的信息.目前,地理信息共享主要指在信息技术与网络技术条件下地理信息的共享,它是一个复杂的交流工程,要解决技术、标准和管理等一系列的共享环境问题.地理信息共享涉及国家的经济、政治与军事等诸多领域.共享的根本目的是为最大程度地利用资源,其利用的基本途径有...     

冀东某地原生红刚玉矿床矿物学特征

河北省刚玉矿床（点）较多，但迄今还未发现宝石级工业矿床。冀东某地原生刚玉矿床具有埋藏浅、刚玉个体大、微红至暗红色、半透明至不透明等特点，经人工改善可生产低档红宝石。本文主要介绍该矿床的刚玉形态特征、物理性质、晶体结构、包裹体特征及矿床形成的地质条件，以期为该类矿产的开发利用提供部分基础性资料。     

含辣素衍生结构疏水缔合聚合物的缓蚀性能研究

采用失重法、电化学方法以及表面观察方法对比研究了含辣素衍生结构疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-MAA-AMPSHDDE-SA)(PAMAHS)和聚丙烯酰胺对Q235钢在CO_2饱和的模拟油田采出水中的缓蚀性能。实验结果表明:相较于聚丙烯酰胺,PAMAHS对碳钢在油田水中的腐蚀具有较好的抑制作用,其缓蚀率随着聚合物浓度的增加而增大,缓蚀剂浓度为500mg·L^-1时,缓蚀效率能达到80.64%。因此,PAMAHS是一种混合抑制型缓蚀剂,其分子可以吸附在金属表面,形成一层具有保护作用的吸附膜,从而起到减缓腐蚀的作用。PAMAHS在碳钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

安徽膨胀土掺石灰改良的试验研究

对安徽省膨胀土进行了综合试验研究。通过掺灰击实试验得出安徽主要膨胀土分布地区土样的最大干密度、最佳含水率与掺灰量的关系。对省内膨胀土的各种不良作用以及改良措施进行研究,为安徽省内工程建设提供必要的数据和合理化建议。