瞬变电磁测深法在砂岩型铀矿找矿选区中的应用效果

本文以近几年来配合1∶25万带钻区调工作开展的瞬变电磁测深工作为基础,总结了该方法在铀矿区调阶段的应用效果。认为瞬变电磁测深资料有利于判断地下水动力条件及铀矿化的成矿有利区;大范围的瞬变电磁测深工作更适合于在戈壁沙漠区工作,有利于区调选区工作的进行,可达到缩小靶区和提供钻探设计依据的目的,在砂岩型铀矿找矿工作中有推广意义。     

土壤污染地球化学标准及等级划分问题讨论

全国多目标区域地球化学调查发现有害元素广泛分布引起极大关注。土壤污染将长期危及生态系统和人类生存安全。制定土壤污染等级标准十分重要。国家土壤环境保护标准体系中,土壤污染等级标准是针对调查发现的污染进行量度划分,土壤环境质量标准是依据污染对环境影响程度确定临界值,土壤污染评价标准是针对存在问题进行科学研究的指标。土壤污染等级采用统一的分级标准,划分为国家级、流域级、省级和地市级。标准制定是一个由局部到全局的认识,又由全局到局部的决策过程。在多目标区域地球化学调查基础上首先制定土壤污染标准及划分污染等级是笔者的主导思想。     

荒漠戈壁区地表疏松层中元素的分布规律

通过对荒漠戈壁区不同矿区地表疏松层中元素的分布规律研究发现:主要成矿元素和指示元素均在近地表疏松层中富集,同时,在粒级分布上又倾向于细粒级(-160目)富集,可见,在对荒漠戈壁区进行区域地球化学调查中,采集弱胶结层(10~40 cm)细粒级样品(-160目)为最佳采样介质,这样能有效地捕捉深部含矿信息。     

线性矩法估计参数的保证修正值系数B的推求

在设计洪水的抽样误差估计中,采用保证修正值系数B方法估计均方差简单易用。应用线性矩法估计频率分布曲线的参数,有较好的无偏性和有效性,具有一定的应用前景。目前线性矩法的B值诺模图尚未确定,给用线性矩法确定参数时估计抽样误差带来了难度与不便。采用统计试验,分析了离差系数、偏态系数和样本长度对B值的影响,结果表明线性矩法估计参数时仍可采用保证修正值系数B值诺模图方法来估计抽样误差,并推求了不同偏态系数、设计频率情形下的B值,制成了线性矩法的B值诺模图备用。     

利用雷达回波与GIS技术反演面雨量研究

自动气象站可以直接测量单点或较小范围的降水量,测量精度较高,但自动气象站的分布密度不够,往往漏掉强降水、暴雨中心。雷达能实时探测云和降水结构及系统发生、发展演变情况,能迅速提供一定区域的实时降水情况,但雷达测量误差较大,测定局地降水量精度不高,因此,将自动气象站与雷达进行点面结合,采用一定的数学方法和GIS技术,可以得到能够代表某特定区域平均降水情况的面雨量。以深圳市行政区域面雨量反演为例,建立区域内所有测站的6 min累积降雨资料与雷达回波数据之间的回归关系,借助GIS技术和包括对经度、纬度、海拔高度3个因子的地理订正,构建雷达图上特定行政区域的面雨量计算模型,并对格点拟合雨量进行空间分辨率的精细化反演,得到雷达图上的特定行政区域的面雨量图。     

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC） Part Ⅱ： The Experimental Seasonal Prediction

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.     

青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移

川青地块在地貌上为川西高原，亦是青藏高原东北边缘最重要的构造单元。新的GPS监测资料表明，在欧亚框架内，川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度，具有自西向东由25．66mm／a递变下降到6．99mm／a的总趋势。速度矢量表现出顺时针涡旋转动。川青地块内具有局部应变积累的非均一的区域剪切。横切鲜水河断裂带中段新的GPS量结果揭示，两侧地块间的平均左旋滑动速率约8mm／a；由于局部应变积累，断裂系南西侧的主断裂的移动速率为9．3mm／a，其间为拉分盆地和小的横向伸展断裂。鲜水河断裂系的左旋断裂滑动作用，调节了川青地块与／11滇地块之间的相对运动。     

甘肃省北祁连山错沟—寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带区域地质背景及找矿方向

甘肃省错沟—寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带位于奥陶纪弧后盆地和岛弧扩张脊火山岩带内,沿成矿带分布有5个矿化集中区,区内典型矿床研究表明:矿床形成于强烈拉张的构造背景,赋存在蛇绿岩套中—上部的基性火山熔岩—火山碎屑沉积岩中,受古火山机构和其原生构造裂隙控制,根据控矿条件分析,今后有必要对蛇绿岩套发育、存在以Cu为主的化探异常、海底热液喷流标志明显的摆浪沟地区和小砂石地区进行深入的找矿工作。     

青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移

川青地块在地貌上为川西高原,亦是青藏高原东北边缘最重要的构造单元。新的GPS监测资料表明,在欧亚框架内,川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度,具有自西向东由25.66mm/a递变下降到6.99mm/a的总趋势。速度矢量表现出顺时针涡旋转动。川青地块内具有局部应变积累的非均一的区域剪切。横切鲜水河断裂带中段新的GPS测量结果揭示,两侧地块间的平均左旋滑动速率约8mm/a;由于局部应变积累,断裂系南西侧的主断裂的移动速率为9.3mm/a,其间为拉分盆地和小的横向伸展断裂。鲜水河断裂系的左旋断裂滑动作用,调节了川青地块与川滇地块之间的相对运动。