柳林煤层气勘探开发试验区水文地质研究

柳林煤层气试验区区域水文地质条件简单,围岩含水层是煤层水的主要来源,4、8号煤层可动水含水饱和度为39%,裂隙及割理是重力水赋存的储集空间和运移通道。8号煤层的含水性、水活跃程度和产水量强于4、5号煤层。采用斯蒂夫离子图解划分采出水的煤层属性和煤层合采时的主产水层,煤层水属正常-略超压状态。水力坡度较陡的区域是部署开发井的有利地带。     

吉林省1:20万水文地质图空间数据库建库工作方法及体会

从工作准备、图形矢量化与校正、建立分层文件、属性编辑、坐标转换、图面整饰和成果输出几方面,叙述在1：20万水文地质图空间数据库建设工作中形成的一套工作方法,结合本省实际提出了建立吉林省空间数据库时对本省区域水文地质特征的处理方法和几点工作体会。     

可持续发展理念下的水文地质与环境地质工作

可持续发展的理念 ,要求我们重新审视与调整水文地质与环境地质工作的思路 ,寻求治本的整体性对策。以河北平原水资源条件和生态环境的根本改善以及长江中游防洪对策为例 ,探讨了可持续发展理念下的水文地质与环境地质工作的特点 ,即水文地质与环境地质工作的目标 ,是构建人和自然协调的、良性循环的优化地下水系统或地质环境系统 ;必须以多学科交叉渗透的方法 ,从成生角度对目标系统进行系统分析 ;必须应用系统工程方法 ,采取成龙配套的措施重新构建优化系统 ;为了构建优化系统 ,不仅需要理顺人与自然的关系 ,更重要的是理顺人与人的利益关系。可持续理念下的水文地质与环境地质工作 ,能够获得良好的长期社会、经济与环境效益 ,但是需要付出十分艰巨的努力。     

Geochemical response of acid groundwater to neutralization by alkaline recharge

Solute transport and chemical neutralization (pH 3 to 7) within a shallow heterogeneous aquifer producing acid mine drainage (AMD) are examined at an abandoned surface coal mine in West Virginia. The aquifer is undergoing partial neutralization by mixing with alkalinity from a leaking sludge disposal pond, extending in preferential zones controlled by aquifer heterogeneity. Hydraulic heads interpolated from wells indicate leakage from a central alkaline (pH 7.1, 0.72 meq/L alkalinity) sludge pond is a principal source of recharge. Chemically-conservative sodium, added to AMD during treatment and leaked into the aquifer with the sludge, develops a dispersion plume over a restricted portion of the aquifer that correlates with pH, hydraulic head, and dissolved metals distributions. Concentrations of aluminum, iron, sulfate and acidity display higher concentrations downgradient from the pond as sludge alkalinity is consumed along flow paths. Before reaching springs, most dissolved iron is oxidized and hydrolyzed, likely precipitating in the aquifer as a ferric hydroxide or hydroxysulfate phase. The spatial pattern of iron and aluminum concentrations suggests accelerated oxidation caused by gas transport along the outer slopes of the spoil. Dissolved aluminum concentrations increase with total acidity, suggesting that dissolution of silicate minerals results from acidity released by iron hydrolysis. Neutralization reactions and higher pH are favored in more highly permeable portions of the spoil, where ferrihydrite and aluminum hydroxysulfate minerals (such as basaluminite) are supersaturated. In acid-producing zones at pH < 4.5, jurbanite is near equilibrium and an aluminum-sulfate phase with similar properties may limit aluminum concentrations, but become undersaturated in zones of advancing neutralization. At this particular site, ferrous iron produced by pyrite oxidation is almost completely oxidized over short transport distances, allowing hydrolysis of iron and aluminum should sufficient alkalinity be added to these acid waters.     

物探方法在江苏赤山湖地热井勘探中的应用

在水文地质条件较差的江苏赤山湖地区,采用CSAMT、微动勘探方法寻找地热构造,结合已有的重力、电测深资料及地质、钻孔资料,综合分析、研究2 500 m深度内地层岩性结构、热储埋深、断裂位置等地热地质和水文地质条件,最终选定了最佳地热井位,钻探结果:出水量500 m3/d,水温55℃°。     

试论水文地质纲要图的涵意

随着按图幅开展的1:5万水文地质调查工作的推进,水文地质图的编制愈显重要。如何编制易读、准确的水文地质图是摆在水文地质工作者面前的一个课题。通过多年探索,笔者针对基岩山区提出了水文地质纲要图的概念与内涵,并在沂蒙山区1:5万水文地质图编制中进行了尝试和探索。结果表明,以地下水系统为对象的区域性水文地质纲要图作为水文地质图的镶图,可使读者从地下水系统角度掌握区域水文地质条件及地下水运动规律,并且有助于图幅内容的理解。     

Groundwater overdraft vulnerability and environmental impact assessment in Arusha

A simple approach is proposed for identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater overdraft. The methodology utilizes GIS techniques to analyze and evaluate controlling factors in areas with little data. The proposed methodology was applied in Arusha. Water demand in Arusha Municipality and its environs has increased to about 5.3% annually since 1999. Groundwater levels have declined. The aquifer hydrogeological variables were evaluated for impact to potential groundwater overdraft by overlay and index techniques. The spatial distribution of overdraft vulnerability was discussed. The northwestern part of Arusha is the most vulnerable to overdraft and possible serious environmental impacts. The Loruvani area has the most potential for aquifer development due to its permeability, high recharge rate, massive aquifer thickness and low drawdown.     

山东省黄河北煤田煤层分布规律及防治水建议

黄河北煤田是山东省仅存的没有全面开采的煤田。该煤田主要可采煤层位于太原组,主采13煤层位于太原组底部,距离徐灰和奥灰较近,开采时受底鼓水威胁。该文通过收集大量的各勘查区不同勘查阶段的地质资料,并进行了充分的分析、归纳和总结,找出了黄河北煤田具有"东多西少"、"上薄下厚"的赋煤规律和徐灰、奥灰含水层厚度大、富水性强、具有较高的静水压力等特点。通过充水因素分析结合其他煤田的开采经验,对开采11、13煤层,提出了注浆改造奥灰顶部30 m的工作思路和建议。     

河北承德偏硅酸矿泉水成因模式:岩石风化与水岩作用证据

【研究目的】承德地处京津冀水源涵养功能区,矿泉水资源丰富,研究其赋存分布与形成机制对矿泉水可持续利用与水源涵养优化具有重要意义。【研究方法】采用岩石地球化学和水化学分析、化学风化指数、矿物表面微观形态分析,同位素示踪等方法系统梳理了研究区地下水偏硅酸空间分异的影响因素,从岩石风化与水化学耦合角度探讨了偏硅酸矿泉水的成藏机制。【研究结果】结果表明：研究区常温水体偏硅酸含量达30 mg/L以上样品占比达5.16%,地热水偏硅酸平均含量达61.76 mg/L。偏硅酸矿泉水成藏受岩石风化和地质构造控制,风化酸性介质影响,水化学形成作用制约。风化敏感程度愈高,易风化矿物含量愈高的含水介质赋存地下水偏硅酸含量愈高。研究区硅酸盐岩总体处于初等化学风化——长石类矿物和辉石等镁铁质矿物风化形成高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石阶段。构造深部幔源CO₂、工矿活动和人类生产生活输入的外源硫酸和硝酸共同参与岩石风化脱硅过程,偏硅酸矿泉水、地热水温泉出露处多为构造复合部位或主干断裂与次级断裂的交汇部位。【结论】承德市偏硅酸矿泉水成因模式可概化为构造断裂深循环淋溶型、风化裂隙浅循环淋溶型和层间孔隙裂隙-补给富集埋藏型3类。植被覆盖较好的玄武岩、火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑岩流域山前宽缓沟谷与导水断裂交汇带,侵入岩导水导热断裂带、侵入岩与围岩接触带,花岗岩、片麻岩和陆源碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩接触带为偏硅酸矿泉水开采潜力区。创新点：（1）从岩石风化与水岩作用水化学耦合角度探讨了偏硅酸矿泉水的成藏机制;（2）系统总结了承德市偏硅酸矿泉水空间分布的影响因素与成因模式。     

军事遥感地质编图方法

军事地质成果产品体系是军事地质工作展示应用业绩的重要平台,而军事遥感地质调查成果图件是军事遥感地质调查的核心成果,其编图方法尤为重要.为了满足特殊遥感地质调查需求及规范成果图件编图标准,提出了军事遥感地质编图方法,并对其精度要求、图形编辑方法以及制图工作技术流程进行了初步探讨.通过对编图方法的规范,提高军事遥感地质图件的专业性与适用性,从而为战场建设、军事行动保障和非战争行动等方面提供信息支撑.