Reconstruction of natural groundwater flow paths in the multiple aquifer system of the northern Negev (Israel), based on lithological and structural evidence

 The Judea Group, a limestone and dolomite karstic aquifer of late Albian–Turonian age, is one of the most important sources of water in Israel. In the western part of the country, the Judea Group aquifer is also known as the Yarkon–Taninim basin. In the northern Negev, the Judea Group is a recipient for fresh water flowing southward from the Hebron Mountains and of brackish paleowater flowing northward from Sinai. Very little is known of the hydraulic properties of this aquifer. In order to outline assumed natural flow paths that existed in this karstic environment prior to groundwater exploitation, use was made of lithological, structural, and paleomorphological features. A detailed hydrogeological conceptual model of the Judea Group aquifer in northern Negev was established by the geological interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection and by analysis of lithological evidence from boreholes. Isopach, isolith-contour, and isolith-ratio maps were compiled for the main lithological components. Increase in transmissivity values is inversely proportional with the cumulative thickness of argillaceous components. The lithological and hydraulic evidence provides the basis for subdividing the subsurface into distinctive permeability zones for the upper and lower sections of the aquifer; for outlining possible preferential groundwater flow paths for both subaquifers; and for improving understanding of groundwater-salinty variations that result from lithological variability, direction of groundwater flow paths, groundwater flow rates, and the duration of rock/water interactions. In an earlier conceptual model of the basin, the Judea Group aquifer was regarded as a continuous and undisturbed entity. The present study reveals an intricate groundwater flow pattern that is controlled by lithological and structural factors that create zones of preferential flow. This interpretation bears on the overall evaluation of groundwater resources and their management and exploitation. Received, December 1996 · Revised, October 1997, June 1998 · Accepted, July 1998     

Evolution from a freshwater to saline lake: a climatic or hydrogeological change? The case of Gallocanta Lake (northeast Spain)

Sedimentological and hydrogeological studies are combined in order to investigate the environmental conditions of the lacustrine sedimentation during the Holocene in Gallocanta Lake in Spain. Six units have been identified in the sedimentary succession, based on sedimentological facies and mineralogy, and three depositional stages have been defined: (1) alluvial, (2) carbonate lake system, (3) ephemeral carbonate–saline lake system. The transition between stages 2 and 3 implies a reduction in water inflows to the lake. The δ¹³C isotopical analysis of dolomites points to decaying organic matter as a source of carbon for the dissolved inorganic carbon and evinces that the δ¹³C variations in the lake were probably controlled by organic processes. On the other hand, δ¹⁸O values could be controlled by modifications in the hydrological system and not necessarily by climatic changes. In this sense, from the hydrological study, three aquifers can be defined: Triassic, Jurassic–Cretaceous and Cenozoic aquifers. The lack of coincidence between the surface and subterranean watershed suggests that the transition between the second and third stages is controlled by a shift of the subterranean watershed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省泌阳县贾楼乡陡岸村泥石流灾害及其防治

通过对当地地形地貌、暴雨特征、流域面积、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、泥石流物源的调查与分析研究,针对该泥石流具有危险度高、流量大、流速缓的特点,结合受灾对象及其分布区域与整体布局和局部治理的关系,按照防治结合、因地制宜、突出重点的原则设置了拦挡滞洪、导流防护、漫水路相结合的综合防治工程措施。拦挡工程为有效发挥工程泻洪、拦渣、调节、固床、稳坡和控制固体物质补给量,预防沟道下切及沟壑发展,减少泥石流对下游村庄危害,起到了积极作用;通过导流堤的建筑限制泥石流的流速、流向,将泥石流顺畅地通过受灾对象比较集中的区域,排入下游非危害区;漫水路为当地群众出行提供方便,又是应急通道。工程实施后综合效益明显。     

浅层地热能在合肥地区的应用

根据合肥地区的水文与工程地质条件,研究浅层地热能在合肥地区应用的适宜方式,并结合工程实例,对浅层地热能应用的地源热泵空调系统中的地埋管换热器设计、自动控制与监测、运行控制等关键技术进行了探讨,旨在合肥地区推广应用浅层地热能,实现浅层地热能与地源热泵系统、建筑空调系统相匹配。     

新驿煤矿下组煤矿井涌水量预测研究

在系统收集水文地质资料的基础上,运用"大井法"和水文地质比拟法对开采16煤的涌水量进行了预测,利用突水系数法,对八采区16煤底板奥灰突水危险性进行了评价,得出了突水系数分区图。经综合分析对比,采用大井法的预测结果:即开采16煤正常涌水量为482m3/h,最大涌水量为540m3/h;奥灰突水量初期为1 083～10 640m3/h,一般为660～4470m3/h;如对奥灰采取疏排降压方案,疏降排水量预计为770m3/h。此结果可作为矿井回采阶段防治水设计的参考。     

水文地质工作在矿业整装勘查中的重要作用与现实意义

矿坑(井)涌(突)水造成重大安全事故事件频繁发生,并因矿坑巨量涌水淹没矿井而抽排水造成开矿成本增高。因此,进行水文地质研究,降低矿坑(井)涌(突)水给矿井建设和生产带来的危害,实现矿山安全生产,对于矿业工作来说,有着重要作用和现实意义。     

岩土工程勘察外业工作的技术与措施

从工程实际出发,对岩土工程勘察中钻探、取样、野外地质编录和水文地质观测工作进行了归纳总结,并阐述了岩土工程勘察外业工作的重要性。     

陕北榆横矿区小纪汗井田水文地质特征及矿床充水条件分析

从用顶板充水、底板突水两个角度对矿坑充水强度进行了分析,为小纪汗井田及周边开采提供了参考。     

Isotopes and geochemistry in a managed aquifer recharge scheme: a case study of fresh water injection at the Damascus University Campus,Syria

A combination of stable isotopes (¹⁸O and ²H) and hydrochemistry has been applied to investigate storage processes in relation to aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) of the shallow alluvial Quaternary aquifer in Damascus basin. The stored water, entirely taken from the Figeh springs during flood periods, was injected in a single well having a brackish groundwater. Water samples were collected from four observation wells drilled in the Damascus University Campus (DUC) site during a 3‐year period (2006–2008). The injectant water, which deviates in its chemical and isotopic signatures from that of the ambient groundwater, shows that the stored water plume remains within close proximity to the injection well (IW) (<≈ 100 m). Thus, only two wells (W13 and W14) located at a distance less than 80 m from the injection point were affected by this injection. The observation wells located at longer distances from the IW (≈145 m and ≈ 600 m for wells W15 and WHz, respectively) were completely unaffected by the injection. Although most of the chemical and isotopic parameters usefully reflected the mixing process that occurs between the injectant water and ambient groundwater, the stable isotope (¹⁸O) and chloride (Cl⁻) were the most sensitive parameters that quickly reflect this signature. Using a simple mass balance, the calculated proportion of injectant water reaching the well W13 was in the range of 50–90%. This proportion was even lower (30–55%) in the case of well W14. Although the drought event prevailing during this study did not much help to inject further amounts of water, higher than the injected volume (0·2416 M m³) and also not favourable to better evaluate the fate and subsurface hydrological processes, these findings offer encouragement to continue the ASR activities, as an alternative way for better management of water resources in this basin facing intensive problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘肃省地矿局“十三五”水文与环境地质成果及“十四五”发展设想综述

水文与环境地质专业服务对象涉及自然资源、生态环境、文化旅游、林业草原、水利水务、农业农村、应急管理、交通住建等政府职能管理部门,服务范围涵盖资源能源调查监测、水土污染评价防治、国土空间生态修复、旅游规划、生态环境保护与治理、防灾减灾、重大工程建设等社会经济领域,水工环队伍是资源、环境、生态、空间等国土要素调查评价、利用及保护和监测预警的重要专业技术力量。本文在总结甘肃省地矿局“十三五”期间的水文与环境地质工作在提供资源能源保障、地质技术服务方面的主要成就和支撑生态环境保护与修复方面成果的基础上,依托行业技术优势和发展基础,结合国家及省经济社会发展和生态文明建设等战略部署,面向政府需要和社会需求,分析提出了甘肃省地矿局“十四五”期间水文与环境地质业务转型升级与高质量发展的宏观设想和思路。对地勘单位适应新发展阶段的水文与环境地质工作新要求,规划部署和构建相应的新发展格局有一定的参考意义。