Static and dynamic conceptual model of a complexly fractured crystalline rock aquifer

A conceptual model of anisotropic and dynamic permeability is developed from hydrogeologic and hydromechanical characterization of a foliated, complexly fractured, crystalline rock aquifer at Gates Pond, Berlin, Massachusetts. Methods of investigation include aquifer‐pumping tests, long‐term hydrologic monitoring, fracture characterization, downhole heat‐pulse flow meter measurements, in situ extensometer testing, and earth tide analysis. A static conceptual model is developed from observations of depth‐dependent and anisotropic permeability that effectively compartmentalizes the aquifer as a function of foliation intensity. Superimposed on the static model is dynamic permeability as a function of hydraulic head in which transient bulk aquifer transmissivity is proportional to changes in hydraulic head due to hydromechanical coupling. The dynamic permeability concept is built on observations that fracture aperture changes as a function of hydraulic head, as measured during in situ extensometer testing of individual fractures, and observed changes in bulk aquifer transmissivity as determined from earth tides during seasonal changes in hydraulic head, with higher transmissivity during periods of high hydraulic head, and lower transmissivity during periods of relatively lower hydraulic head. A final conceptual model is presented that captures both the static and dynamic properties of the aquifer. The workflow presented here demonstrates development of a conceptual framework for building numerical models of complexly fractured, foliated, crystalline rock aquifers that includes both a static model to describe the spatial distribution of permeability as a function of fracture type and foliation intensity and a dynamic model that describes how hydromechanical coupling impacts permeability magnitude as a function of hydraulic head fluctuation. This model captures important geologic controls on permeability magnitude, anisotropy, and transience and therefor offers potentially more reliable history matching and forecasts of different water management strategies, such as resource evaluation, well placement, permeability prediction, and evaluating remediation strategies.     

当代水文地质学发展趋势与对策

当代水文地质学进入了生态环境水文地质学阶段。当代水文地质学的研究目标是:从可持续发展理念出发,构建人与自然协调的、良性循环的地下水系统、水文系统、地质环境系统与生态系统。以系统思想为指导,运用多学科方法,发展向生产领域延伸的地下水工程,是当代水文地质学发展的关键。     

古地下水定年新方法——81Kr法

由于⁸¹Kr化学性质稳定、半衰期长且在地下水运移过程中没有额外来源的优点,近年来,成为测定古老地下水年龄（10⁵~10⁶ a）的有效手段.国外对于⁸¹Kr的测定方法、地下水定年应用研究已较为深入,而国内应用⁸¹Kr作为水文地质学的研究尚处于起步阶段.本文通过对国内外⁸¹Kr应用于地下水测年的原理以及⁸¹Kr的测定方法进行总结,针对目前研究的问题进行探讨,并对今后放射性氪核素在水文地球化学中的研究进行展望,为国内对于⁸¹Kr的测定与在古地下水定年研究方面提供科学依据.     

浅谈海绵城市建设与城市水文地质勘查工作

海绵城市是构建"尊重自然、顺序自然、保护自然"建设生态城市的新型理念。目的是实现低影响开发雨水控制与利用,雨水资源化管理,减轻城市内涝,达到水生态与城市发展平衡的可持续发展建设模式。本文主要提出了城市水文地质勘查在城市海绵建设中的必要性,及城市水文地质勘查如何开展和服务于海绵城市建设。     

水-岩作用的线性规划模型与应用研究——以溪洛渡水电工程为例

采用水-岩作用热力学模拟的方法,以溪洛渡水电站工程为实例,从水化学方面对坝区复杂水文地质条件作了定量分析评价。研究成果充分反映了水-岩作用这种物理化学反应的结果,同时也为正确评价溪洛渡水电站复杂水文地质条件提供了可靠的依据。     

太平煤矿深厚土层的水文地质工程地质性质

依据对太平煤矿3号煤区深厚土层的水文地质与工程地质勘测及室内外实验结果,分析了主要的水文地质与工程地质特征及其对3号煤开采的影响,对矿区防水煤岩柱留设高度进行了合理确定。     

陕北榆横矿区小纪汗井田水文地质特征及矿床充水条件分析

从用顶板充水、底板突水两个角度对矿坑充水强度进行了分析,为小纪汗井田及周边开采提供了参考。     

煤层滑覆顶板水文地质工程地质特征

豫西诸煤田主采煤层二₁煤层顶板非原生顶板,而是滑动构造的滑覆体。其由下而上可分为断层带、破碎带、裂隙带。它的水文地质条件简单,但工程地质条件复杂。岩石破碎,力学强度指标较低,回采中顶板不易管理。按其稳定性可分为较稳定的、不稳定的和极不稳定的三类,且以后两类为主,对这些顶板管理的基本措施是:短工作面,控顶距,快速推进,及时放顶,正常循环,不放大炮。     

Flooding of Sinking Creek,Garretts Spring karst drainage basin,Jessamine and Woodford counties,Kentucky, USA

Tashamingo Subdivision in Sinking Creek karst valley, a tributary of the Garretts Spring drainage basin in Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, was flooded in February 1989. To determine the cause of flooding, the groundwater basin boundary was mapped, discharge data were measured to determine intake capacity of swallets, and hydrologic modeling of the basin was conducted. Swallet capacity was determined to be limited by the hydraulic parameters of the conduit, rather than by obstruction by trash. Flooding from a precipitation event is more likely, and will be higher, when antecedent soil moisture conditions in the watershed are near saturation. Hydrologic modeling shows that suburban development of 20 percent of the southeast basin will cause a small increase in flood stage at Tashamingo Subdivision.     

松辽平原西部水文地质空间数据库建设方法

松辽平原西部地下水资源调查评价水文地质空间数据库应用MapGis软件作为图形工具平台,在建库过程中,遵循统一的建库标准和工作指南,进行属性数据库和空间数据库的建设.