Pumping-induced Well Hydraulics and Groundwater Budget in a Leaky Aquifer System with Vertical Heterogeneity in Aquitard Hydraulic Properties

In groundwater hydrology, aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers, despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation. A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss). The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or Ss. Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored: one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or Ss values, a common field-scale occurrence; another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss, a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis. Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion; a high-Ss interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion. Locations of low-K or high-Ss interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget. In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss, a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown. When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard, half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.     

对内蒙古阿拉善西部地下水流向问题的新认识

内蒙古阿拉善西部的水文地质研究程度很低,关于地下水的来源和流向仍然存在各种不同的认识,需要在沙漠腹地补充钻探资料加以验证。本研究在前人调查成果的基础上,选择巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边的4个控制点进行了水文地质钻探,获得关键性的含水层分布和地下水位数据,对地下水流向问题提出了新的认识。分析结果表明,阿拉善西部广泛发育厚度50 m以上的第四系孔隙含水层,与新近系和白垩系砂岩含水层一起构成主要的地下水渗透介质,使区域地下水流具有连续性。地下水总体自东向西、自南向北流动,水力梯度介于0.8‰与7.9‰之间。在区域尺度上,断裂带对浅层地下水的作用并不显著。     

新峰一矿构造控水作用与治理措施探讨

新峰一矿突水频繁,矿井安全受水害威胁严重,防治工程量大、难度高。通过对矿井构造应力展布规律、矿井边界及矿井内断层导水性等水文地质因素的分析,确定了该矿井突水类型。指出石炭系灰岩裂隙水和寒武系灰岩裂隙水是矿井的主要充水含水层,断裂构造是主要导水通道。地质构造对突水的控制在该矿主要体现在对突水点分布、富水带的划分以及隔水层阻水能力等方面。在对影响该区地质构造机理进行综合分析的基础上,根据矿区构造控水的特点,提出了采取物探和钻探相结合、进行放水试验、帷幕注浆和排供结合的治理措施。     

首批煤炭国家规划矿区煤田地质特征综述

首批煤炭国家规划矿区位于华北赋煤区鄂尔多斯盆地内,主要可采煤层多达10层,分别位于太原组、山西组和延安组。煤质以焦煤和无烟煤为主,其中太原组、山西组煤层具有横向变化小、垂向呈周期性变化的规律;而延安组横向变化较大,聚煤中心具有明显的由南向北迁移现象。受左旋剪切挤压作用,形成了一系列大型北北东向复式褶皱与断层,根据构造复杂程度,确认9个石炭—二叠纪煤田矿区和5个侏罗纪煤田矿区属简单类型。分析首批煤炭国家规划矿区内的控煤构造、矿床水文地质类型、充水因素以及煤层顶底板岩性特征,认为绝大部分矿区煤层稳定、构造和开采技术条件简单。     

双柳煤矿矿区地下水化学特征分析

地下水的化学特征是围岩矿物和水流之间内在关系所形成的结果,决定于地下水运动时接触的围岩成分,水文地质条件和氧化还原环境等。地下水的水化学成份及不同离子含量的多少,与其赋存条件有着十分密切的关系。通过对矿区主要含水层水样常规水质分析,研究矿区地下水的水化学成份及其背景含量特征,研究和分析矿区不同地下水含水层水化学特征,从而揭示矿区水文地质条件。     

电法在某山区的找水效果

结合实例说明电阻率联合剖面法配合激电测深法在某山区找水中的地质效果.     

利用遥感技术进行干旱半干旱区找水的方法和实践

随着遥感技术和地面物探技术的发展和深入应用,产生了一种现代的综合勘探方法。本文介绍了在内蒙古锡林浩特市胜利煤田露天矿区供水水文地质普查中运用综合水文地质勘察方法的情况、遥感方案的选择、技术思路,以及利用遥感方法进行区域水文地质调绘所取得的成果,对遥感水文地质的发展提出了作者的看法。     

水文地质工作发展方向刍议

水文地质学的发展初期,实质上是找水水文地质学,到本世纪70年代,水资源成为水文地质学的主要问题。今天,与生态环境有关的水文地质问题的比重迅速增长,环境水文地质已成为水文地质学研究的核心问题。21世纪水文地质工作除应重视环境水文地质外,还应涉足城市地质、灾害地质、农业地质等新领域,也应在地热地质、旅游地质领域大力拓展。     

指标法与层次分析法在浅层地温能适宜性评价中的应用讨论

浅层地温能是蕴藏在地表以下一定深度范围内岩土体、地下水和地表水中具有开发利用价值的热能,浅层地温能具有可再生、环保、经济、寿命长等特点.本文以指标法和层次分析法为分区方法,通过对莱阳市城区浅层地温能赋存条件的研究,并结合相关的测试分析数据,开展浅层地温能开发利用适宜性分区(开发利用方式以地埋管换热系统为例),最终将2种...     

Improved understanding of spatio‐temporal controls on regional scale groundwater flooding using hydrograph analysis and impulse response functions

Controls on the spatio‐temporal extent of groundwater flooding are poorly understood, despite the long duration of groundwater flood events and distinct social and economic impacts. We developed a novel approach using statistical analysis of groundwater level hydrographs and impulse response functions (IRFs) and applied it to the 2013/2014 Chalk groundwater flooding in the English Lowlands. We proposed a standardized index of groundwater flooding which we calculated for monthly groundwater levels for 26 boreholes in the Chalk. We grouped these standardized series using k‐means cluster analysis and cross‐correlated the cluster centroids with the Standardized Precipitation Index accumulated over time intervals between 1 and 60 months. This analysis reveals 2 spatially coherent groups of standardized hydrographs that responded to precipitation over different timescales. We estimated IRF models of the groundwater level response to effective precipitation for 3 boreholes in each group. The IRF models corroborate the Standardized Precipitation Index analysis showing different response functions between the groups. We applied identical effective precipitation inputs to each of the IRF models and observed differences between the hydrographs from each group. It is suggested this is due to the hydrogeological properties of the Chalk and of overlying relatively low permeability superficial deposits (recent unconsolidated sediments overlying the bedrock, such as clays and tills), which are extensive over 1 of the groups. The overarching controls on groundwater flood response are concluded to be a complex combination of antecedent conditions, rainfall, and catchment hydrogeological properties. These controls should be taken into consideration when anticipating and managing future groundwater flood events. The approach presented is generic and parsimonious and can be easily applied where sufficient groundwater level and rainfall data are available.