Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Assessment of Hydrochemistry of the Northern Korinthia Prefecture Alluvial Aquifer System (Peloponnese,Greece)

The application of multivariate statistical analyses of hydrochemical data has proved to bemost successful in the assessment of groundwater hydrochemistry, especially in situationswhere numerous samples are available. Fifteen (15) hydrochemical parameters were considered(pH, E.C., T.D.S., T.H, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, Cl, SO₄, NO₃, NO₂, NH₄, PO₄) in 131 samplescollected from the alluvial aquifer of NE Korinthia, during May 1997. Simple and multipleregression, factor, and trend-surface analyses were applied in order to examine the importance ofeach parameter, investigate correlations among them, and separate them into groups. Statisticalfactors were selected and their geographical distribution was mapped. It was concluded thatuse of such methods reveal the prevailing evolutionary mechanisms of the studied system,thus enabling accurate and relatively quick hydrochemical assessments.     

The effects of Holocene barrier-island evolution on water-table elevations, Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA

 On Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA, complex stratigraphy results from surficial sediments being superimposed on an inherited Pleistocene platform. Numerical simulations used to simulate water-table profiles on the island illustrate the influence that the complex stratigraphy has on water-table elevations. Field data consist of water-table profiles collected from a cross-island transect of wells. These profiles show unusually high water-table elevations in the south-central portion of Hatteras Island. Geophysical data are used to constrain the subsurface stratigraphy. Simple analytical solutions to the groundwater flow equation using laterally varying recharge rates cannot match mean water-table profiles. More complex numerical simulations, which do match the profiles, indicate that the elevated water levels result from a low-permeability unit that extends several kilometers along the longitudinal axis of the island. Island geomorphology and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data suggest that this unit is a former interdunal wetland that has been buried by a series of parabolic dunes. Received, September 1999 / Revised, March 2000 / Accepted, March 2000     

金沙江溪洛渡水电站环境水文地质综合评价

溪洛渡水电站是我国西南地区的一座大型水电站,其规模仅次于三峡水利枢纽规模,在分析坝区水文地质条件的基础上,从温度场,同位素,水化学场以及岩体地下水动力条件等多角度解释了溪洛渡水电站坝区两岸地下水埋深水,局部温度和局部承压等异常现象,通过分析认为,坝址区水文地质工程条件良好,岩体透水性较弱,无水的控水构造,坝区不存在危害性的渗漏问题,坝基及两岸谷坡均有相对抗水介质存在。     

GIS技术在岩溶水文地质工作中的若干应用—— 以广西来宾小平阳为例

GIS技术为岩溶水文地质工作提供了先进的方法和手段,可以方便快捷地对大量的图、文数据进行综合管理、信息查询、检索和空间分析; 可以绘制任意方向和长度的地形剖面图、地下水位等值线图和三维立体模型图等;还可以对控制岩溶发育和地下水富集的构造、岩性等因素作出定量评价,圈出定井找水的有利地段。      

Hydraulic subsurface measurements and hydrodynamic modelling as indicators for groundwater flow systems in the Rotondo granite,Central Alps (Switzerland)

Regional groundwater flow in high mountainous terrain is governed by a multitude of factors such as geology, topography, recharge conditions, structural elements such as fracturation and regional fault zones as well as man‐made underground structures. By means of a numerical groundwater flow model, we consider the impact of deep underground tunnels and of an idealized major fault zone on the groundwater flow systems within the fractured Rotondo granite. The position of the free groundwater table as response to the above subsurface structures and, in particular, with regard to the influence of spatial distributed groundwater recharge rates is addressed. The model results show significant unsaturated zones below the mountain ridges in the study area with a thickness of up to several hundred metres. The subsurface galleries are shown to have a strong effect on the head distribution in the model domain, causing locally a reversal of natural head gradients. With respect to the position of the catchment areas to the tunnel and the corresponding type of recharge source for the tunnel inflows (i.e. glaciers or recent precipitation), as well as water table elevation, the influence of spatial distributed recharge rates is compared to uniform recharge rates. Water table elevations below the well exposed high‐relief mountain ridges are observed to be more sensitive to changes in groundwater recharge rates and permeability than below ridges with less topographic relief. In the conceptual framework of the numerical simulations, the model fault zone has less influence on the groundwater table position, but more importantly acts as fast flow path for recharge from glaciated areas towards the subsurface galleries. This is in agreement with a previous study, where the imprint of glacial recharge was observed in the environmental isotope composition of groundwater sampled in the subsurface galleries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西华井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价

在西华井田勘探基础上,利用水质分析测试资料,采用水质污染综合评价指数法,对该井田勘探区的水环境现状进行了评价。从评价结果看：地表水、浅层水及深层地下水全部符合生活饮用水标准,受污染程度轻,随矿区开采进程加剧,应加强对浅层地下水的管理及合理利用,避免矿井生产对水源带来污染。     

我国页岩气资源及影响因素

在世界面临能源短缺的背景下,页岩气作为油气勘探的一个新领域,越来越得到世界各国的重视。我国页岩气资源丰富,许多盆地或地区具有页岩气大规模成藏的地质条件,对页岩气的研究显得尤为重要。该文介绍了我国页岩气资源储量、分布及开采面临的问题,概述了页岩气地质特征。在此基础上探讨了我国页岩气的影响因素,认为我国页岩气主要受有机碳含量、成熟度、裂缝的发育程度、地层压力的控制;页岩气与煤层气同属于非常规天然气,其赋存形态、成因类型、富集规律具有很多相似之处,因此可将页岩气与煤层气进行对比研究。     

复合形进化重组方法在水文地质参数识别中的应用

水文地质逆问题和地下水资源管理模型的优化求解一直是水文地质学研究的一个热点.本文将复合形进化重组方法引入求解水文地质逆问题,通过一个测试函数对该方法的优化性能进行了检验,进而将该方法应用于水文地质参数的识别.比较复合形进化重组方法与遗传算法的计算结果表明,复合形进化重组方法具有很强的全局优化能力,是求解水文地质逆问题非...     

灰色预测在环境水文地质中的应用

本文介绍了灰色预测的基本原理和特点 ,以及它的建模方法 ,并介绍了利用它对环境水文地质要素进行预测的步骤     

合肥市生活垃圾处理项目续建工程水文地质工程地质勘察实录

合肥市生活垃圾处理项目是安徽省内规模最大的垃圾处理填埋场,工程区地质条件复杂,防渗设计要求严苛,经过工程地质水文地质测绘、钻(静)探、取样测试、地球物理勘探、原位测试、水文地质试验等综合手段勘察,取得了科学准确的参数,对建筑物的地基持力层的选择、设计参数、防渗处理等提出了经济合理的结论和建议,为优化设计、节省投资、安全施工奠定了基础,取得了良好的经济效益及社会效益,同时也积累了同类型项目在花岗岩地区复杂地质条件下的水文地质工程地质勘察经验.