独立坐标系转换方法的探讨

以贵阳市花溪区某市政道路控制网成果为数据支撑,结合贵阳市独立坐标系建立的相关理论,采用平面四参数模型、仿射变换模型、多项式拟合法实现了贵阳市独立坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系的转换,并对各种转换成果进行精度评价与分析,可为以后的工程应用提供一些参考。     

Road condition assessment by OBIA and feature selection techniques using very high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery

Accurate information on the conditions of road asphalt is necessary for economic development and transportation management. In this study, object-based image analysis (OBIA) rule-sets are proposed based on feature selection technique to extract road asphalt conditions (good and poor) using WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite data. Different feature selection techniques, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and chi-square (CHI) are evaluated to indicate the most effective algorithm to identify the best set of OBIA attributes (spatial, spectral, textural and colour). The chi-square algorithm outperformed SVM and RF techniques. The classification result based on CHI algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 83.19% for the training image (first site). Furthermore, the proposed model was used to examine its performance in different areas; and it achieved accuracy levels of 83.44, 87.80 and 80.26% for the different selected areas. Therefore, the selected method can be potentially useful for detecting road conditions based on WV-2 images.     

基于小波变换的单频GPS快速精密定位整周模糊度的解算

对于GPS短基线,载波相位双差观测量已基本消除了卫星轨道误差、钟差、大气折射误差等系统偏差的影响,主要包含距离观测量信息及随机测量误差,其中测量误差是高频的测量噪声,小波变换可将GPS载波相位双差观测量中的观测噪声(高频部分)分解出来。本文利用Coiflets小波基函数对GPS快速定位的原始载波相位双差观测量进行5层分解,通过重构第5层低频系数获得去除噪声的"干净"的载波相位双差观测量,然后利用"干净"的双差观测量进行最小二乘参数估计,以减小测量噪声对GPS快速定位病态方程解的扰动。计算结果表明该方法能够显著提高GPS快速定位中模糊度浮点解的精度,仅利用几个观测历元的数据就可以准确地固定模糊度。     

Algorithm for Harmonic Tidal Analysis along T/P Tracks： Taking Differences of Observed Sea Surface Heights at Adjacent Points as Observations

An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.     

基于ArcScene的建筑物日照分析模块的设计与实现

介绍了利用ArcObjects开发、基于ArcScene的建筑物日照分析模块的研制,对各个子模块作了介绍。特别对涉及到的日照分析技术、阴影动态显示、3维建筑设计等技术做了详细的说明。最后对该模块的应用做了简要演示。     

卫星测高推求的中国近海与全球海平面变化的趋势及小波相关分析

基于多种卫星测高资料融合海面高数据对黄海、东海、南海和全球海平面异常在1993年至2005年期间的变化趋势进行分析,结果表明:黄海、东海、南海线性趋势分别为5.05mm/a,4.8mm/a,4.27mm/a,均大于全球平均趋势项2.66mm/a,各海域的周期振幅和相位变化也存在较大差异。近海各海域与全球的海平面异常的小波交叉谱和相关谱分析表明,近海各海域与全球海平面异常变化在年际周期上具有较高的谱能,但相位差异较大,短周期相关性不明显。     

供水管网地理信息系统中爆管分析的算法研究

爆管关阀分析是供水管网地理信息系统中重要的空间分析功能之一,目前已建系统的爆管分析功能存在着算法繁琐或功能简单、不具通用性等缺点。本文以高质量的源数据为基础,根据系统和爆管分析的需求建立合理的数据模型,设计了爆管关阀分析算法,该算法克服现有算法的不足,剔除了可关可不关的阀门,得到正确、经济的关阀门方案,并列出了受影响的用户。将此设计方案应用于"新疆石油管理局供水地理信息系统"中,成功地实现了爆管分析,体现出了该算法简洁、高效、准确、通用的优越性。     

Correcting superconducting gravity time-series using rainfall modelling at the Vienna and Membach stations and application to Earth tide analysis

We demonstrate the possibility to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of superconducting gravity time-series by correcting for local hydrological effects. Short-term atmospheric events associated with heavy rain induce step-like gravity signals that deteriorate the frequency spectrum estimates. Based on 4D modeling constrained by high temporal resolution rain gauge data, rainfall admittances for the Vienna and Membach superconducting gravity stations are calculated. This allows routine correction for Newtonian rain water effects, which reduces the standard deviation of residuals after tidal parameter adjustment by 10%. It also improves the correction of steps of instrumental origin when they coincide with step-like water mass signals.     

广阔范围内GPS网坐标系统转换模型的建立及精度分析

全球定位系统(GPS)技术己经在许多领域得到广泛的应用,由于GPS定位得到的观测成果通常是世界大地坐标系统WGS-84中的坐标或坐标差,但在实际应用中上需要的往往是地面点在国家坐标系或地方独立坐标系中的坐标.确立坐标系统转换模型并分析此模型的精度,根据至少3个公共点的两套大地坐标利用最小二乘法原理求出转换参数.本文以W...     

三维地理信息应急指挥系统设计

基于GIS构建的应急指挥系统在应急救灾工作中作用日益突出,本文在应急指挥系统功能需求分析基础上,采用网格和四叉树索引技术构建了统一地理框架平台的海量基础地理信息与应急资源专题数据库,采用C/S架构、插件式模块化思想设计应急指挥系统的总体框架和功能体系,为应急救灾的灾前预警分析、灾中灾情评估、资源调度等工作提供辅助决策支...