琼东南盆地深水区长昌凹陷勘探潜力

长昌凹陷位于琼东南盆地深水区中央坳陷东部,是深水勘探新区。通过对凹陷成藏条件分析认为,长昌凹陷供烃充足;存在三角洲砂岩、滨海相砂岩、海底扇及水道砂岩等4种类型储层,且储盖组合发育;发育多层系构造圈闭,面积普遍较大;油气成藏条件优越。在上述研究基础上,对长昌凹陷A、B、C、D、E 5个次一级洼陷勘探潜力进行了评价,认为长昌环A洼成藏特征好,发育大型有利目标。落实万宁X-1、万宁X-2、长昌X-1等多个大中型"构造＋岩性"圈闭,圈闭含油气信息好,潜在资源量大,是琼东南盆地深水区下步勘探的重点。     

论甘孜丘洛成矿带微细浸染型金矿的成矿条件

甘孜丘洛成矿带微细浸染型金矿的成矿热液来自大气降水。矿化作用发生于燕山期的下渗雨水加热环流体系中。包裹体研究和热力学计算表明,成矿温度为93—306℃,成矿深度小于1km。矿化热液呈弱碱性,还原性较强,含盐度中等,贫氯富硫。Au以Au(HS)_2~-形式进行迁移,并在扩容减压带中沉淀富集。温度、压力降低和总硫活度减小是矿质沉淀的重要因素。     

吸收边界条件在探地雷达偏移处理中的应用

在雷达波偏移处理中。通常将边界条件设为零，但是这会在边界处产生由非介质因素引起的反射现象，使得剖面的解释精度降低。因此，为了消除反射边界的影响，提出将吸收边界条件引入到逆时偏移中，并将其运用到实测雷达波剖面上。结果表明。该方法很好地消除了人为边界，精度也得到了明显提高。     

Knowing Your Place: an Australasian perspective on catchment-framed approaches to river repair

Australia and New Zealand have been at the forefront of many advances in river management through policy and legislative initiatives and the introduction of participatory frameworks. In part this leadership role is a response to the pervasive extent and impact of post-colonial societies on Australasian environments. Core geographical concepts have contributed significantly to the increased recognition of a ‘sense of place’ in management practice. Grounded and authentic applications recognise explicitly the complexity of interactions across an array of biophysical and social scales. The contribution of geography to river management is particularly significant in the implementation of catchment-framed programmes, the development of generic scientific tools that can be used on a catchment-by-catchment basis, and the application of adaptive management principles that are operationalised within participatory frameworks. Failing to acknowledge geographical concepts can lead to a placeless universalism in river management that is unsustainable and unacceptable in biophysical and social terms.     

川西北中生代特提斯沉积物地球化学特征对陆源风化条件的指示意义

川西北中生代特提斯沉积物地球化学特征对陆源风化条件的指示意义顾雪祥（成都理工学院．成都６１００５９）关键词特提斯浊积岩，风化条件，元素分配型式，碱金属－碱土金属，化学变异指数地史时期的物源区现今许多已被剥蚀破坏，因而有关这类物源区的母岩性质、同化条件...     

用多角度遥感观测和BRDF模型对植物状况诊断评估(英文)

用遥感技术进行植物评估可与光谱植被指数联系起来，如规一化差分植被指数ＮＤＶＩ。ＮＤＶＩ值的变化一般被认为是植被数量和密度的变化，但直接与植物生长状况有关的植物光谱特性也会导致光谱植被指数的变化。因此，低植被指数可能由于低密度或肥料不足二者之一或共同造成。这会限制植被指数作为监测手段的使用。二向反射分布函数ＢＲＤＦ模型把植物密度和光学特性区别对待，因而它有助于植物状况的客观评估。在这项研究中，我们测量了两个冬小麦冠层多角度光谱反射：一个氮肥充足，一个贫乏。这些测量随后用于ＢＲＤＦ的反演，来估计光学特性和植物密度。结果表明，同时获得这两种参数是可行的。因此，用ＢＲＤＦ和多角度遥感测量手段进行氮肥养料有关的植物状况诊断分析是可能的。结果也显示出这种方法中如反演和计算时间所带来的一些局限性。     

Climatic and Topographical Factors Affecting the Vegetative Carbon Stock of Rangelands in Arid and Semiarid Regions of China

Rangeland systems play an important role in ecological stabilization and the terrestrial carbon cycle in arid and semiarid regions. However, little is known about the vegetative carbon dynamics and climatic and topographical factors that affect vegetative carbon stock in these rangelands. Our goal was to assess vegetative carbon stock by examining meteorological data in conjunction with NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) time series datasets from 2001-2012. An improved CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) model was then applied to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamic variation of vegetative carbon stock, and analyze its response to climatic and topographical factors. We estimated the vegetative carbon stock of rangeland in Gansu province, China to be 4.4× 10¹⁴ gC, increasing linearly at an annual rate of 9.8×10¹¹ gC. The mean vegetative carbon density of the whole rangeland was 136.5 gC m^-2. Vegetative carbon density and total carbon varied temporally and spatially and were highly associated with temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. Vegetative carbon density reached the maximal value on elevation at 2500-3500 m, a slope of >30°and easterly aspect. The effect of precipitation, temperature and solar radiation on the vegetative carbon density of five rangeland types (desert and salinized meadow, steppe, alpine meadow, shrub and tussock, and marginal grassland in the forest) depends on the acquired quantity of water and heat for rangeland plants at all spatial scales. The results of this study provide new evidence for explaining spatiotemporal heterogeneity in vegetative carbon dynamics and responses to global change for rangeland vegetative carbon stock, and offer a theoretical and practical basis for grassland agriculture management in arid and semiarid regions.     

网状河流研究进展述评

网状河流作为一种新的冲积河流类型已经引起地貌学家、水利学家和沉积学家的关注 ,成为河流地貌领域、河流沉积领域以及河流水动力领域的研究热点之一。本文在介绍网状河流基本概念的基础上 ,综合国内外的研究成果 ,从河流的平面形态、边界条件、沉积特征、水动力条件以及在河型演化序列中的位置等方面 ,对网状河流的研究进展作一较全面的述评 ,并指出目前研究的薄弱环节 ,以利于研究者把握网状河流的研究现状 ,并推动对网状河流的进一步探讨。     

新藏公路新疆段泥石流灾害初探

新藏公路新疆段沿线共有泥石流灾害149处，直接危害线路53．05km。泥石流可分为暴雨型、冰雪融水型及雨水和冰雪融水混合型三个成因类型．其灾害集中分布于哈拉斯坦河、采拉克河、叶尔羌河及喀拉喀什河沿溪线路段。沿线泥石流具有松散堆积物丰富，水源不足，暴发频率低，规模火，受冰川和气候变化影响大等特点。在对泥石流成灾方式、活动现状和发展趋势分析研究的基础上．提出了灾害治理的基本原则和拟采取的主要工程措施及进一步工作的建议。