Geobiological interpretation of the oxygen-deficient deposits of the Middle Permian marine source rocks in South China:A working hypothesis

To decipher the origin of oxygen-deficient shelfal deposits is significant for tracing the distribution of marine source rocks and interpreting the evolution of depositional environment. The origin of the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation in South China remains a puzzle for long with its evident oxygen-deficient features but diverse benthos. This paper shows a typical Chihsian depositional rhythm composed of the massive and the laminated limestones with ecological and geochemical features. Massive bioclastic limestone from the rhythm was aerobic in paleoxygenation condition indicated by both the ecological and geochemical features. However, a contradictory oxygenation was inferred for the “laminated” counterpart from the rhythm, with the ecological signal being aerobic and the geochemical one being anoxic. The difference in ecological and geochemical indications was interpreted as the instability of paleoxygenation condition in shelf environments, caused by an enhanced paleoproductivity. Rhythmic occurrence of the oxygen-deficient condition might have been stemmed from paleo-Tethyan paleocurrents flowing across South China. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 789–796 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

The geochemical study of fluvio-lacustrine aquifers in the Kathmandu Basin (Nepal) and the implications for the mobilization of arsenic

The geochemical analyses of fluvial-lacustrine aquifer sediments of the Kathmandu Valley have been made as a step in assessing the environment for the mobilization of arsenic in groundwater. Elements measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) include 4 major oxides (Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, P₂O₅) and 14 trace elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, Sc and TS). Elution tests of 15 selected core samples were also carried out to determine the potential leaching of arsenic from the sediments. The XRF results show that average bulk concentrations of the major oxides and trace elements are similar to modern unconsolidated sediments and average upper continental crust. However, the abundance of elements varies with grain size, with higher concentrations in finer-size grades. Variations in elemental abundances within the basin are strongly controlled by sediment facies. The elution tests show that greater amounts of arsenic are generally eluted from the fine sediments, although the rates are variable. The results overall suggest that As concentrations in the bulk sediments are not a controlling factor for elevated As in the Kathmandu Basin groundwater, and the roles of other factors such as redox conditions and organic matter contents are likely to be more significant.     

Approaches for modeling longitudinal dispersion in pore-networks

The purpose of this study is to quantify the dispersivity in the longitudinal direction by upscaling pore scale mixing over a network domain and to verify the dispersivity with that obtained through the more rigorous upscaling technique, the Brownian particle tracking model (BPTM). We model a porous medium with a network of pore-units that are comprised of pore bodies and bonds of finite volume. Such a pore-unit is assumed to be a mixing cell with the steady state flow condition for a single fluid. Dispersivity can be obtained by solving the mixing cell model (MCM) for the concentration in each pore-unit and by averaging the concentrations for a large number of pore units (as a function of time and space). A minimal size of network that ascertains an asymptotic value of dispersivity was determined and verified with large size pore networks. This numerically computed dispersivity is compared with the results from the BPTM for the same porous medium and flow conditions. We show that the dispersivity obtained from the MCM is equally reliable for the heterogeneous pore-networks and can be estimated as a function of pore size heterogeneity. For homogeneous networks with the MCM, the iteration time step plays an important role. On the other hand, for networks with the BPTM, the assumption of intra-bond velocity profile affects the results.     

福建三明盆地工程地质特征

福建三明盆地工程地质条件对三明市工程建设和城市规划起决定性作用。三明盆地是个构造断陷盆地，地质构造复杂，岩土体工程地质条件复杂，应根据不同建筑场地合理规划工程建设，确定工程勘察手段及工作量，确保工程建设经济、合理及安全。     

贵州贞丰县烂山沟金矿床地质特征及其找矿前景

作者以烂山沟卡林型金矿勘查成果资料为依据，着重阐述该矿床的地质特征，初步总结了它的挖矿条件和找矿标志，并提出其找矿方向。     

内蒙古-辽宁努鲁尔虎金矿带控矿条件分析

胬鲁尔虎金矿带位于华北地台北缘，内蒙地轴东段南侧，天山-阴山EW向复杂构造带东段北侧，带内金矿床和金矿（化）点主要集中分布在老变质岩，区域性深大断裂带。华力西期，燕山期岩浆岩均发育的地区，明显受地层，构造，岩浆岩“三位一体”综合控制。控矿条件包括构造，地层，岩浆岩和区域变质。     

从已发现的油气田看中国海相油气勘探

中国海相油气勘探的主要目标是古生界碳酸盐岩,在漫长的演化历程中它的主要成藏类型是准原生型。对形成保存至今的工业油气藏来说,碳酸盐岩中有效烃源岩的总有机碳含量下限应≥0.5%,滨海相或海陆交互相煤系可对生烃作出重大贡献。碳酸盐岩中的储集体受裂缝—岩溶发育程度的控制而分为三种基本类型:(1)以孤立的缝洞储集体为主者称纳溪型,各储集体内的流体性质、压力均可有不同;(2)各储集体间相互连通从而有统一的压力和气、油、水界面,若其似块状者称任丘型,若其似层状者则称威远型;(3)居于这两个端元间的过渡类型为塔河型,其各部分之间的流体性质和压力可有一定差别,无统一油水界面。应注意对似层状储集体的勘探研究,保存条件的好坏对海相油气田有决定性的意义。在分析复杂的多期成藏史中,要注意古隆起和晚期成藏的辩证关系。我国的海相油气勘探有难度,要重新评价有效和高效烃源岩,从较浅部和次生油气蒇入手逼近油气源,寻找主力油气藏,要重视岩性圈闭和各构造(形变)层间的不吻合性。中国的海相油气勘探方向可分为优先勘探、立争突破、劣中选优三个层次。     

陕西省山阳县小河口地区酸性-中酸性岩体地质特征及其成矿地质条件分析

通过对山阳地区地层、构造、岩浆岩特征的论述 ,归纳总结了区内酸性—中酸性小岩体的空间分布、岩石类型、岩石主要矿物、岩石化学成分、岩石碱度、稀土元素、微量元素等特征 ,从五个方面提出了酸性—中酸性小岩体具有壳幔同熔成因的证据 ,分析总结了山阳小河口地区以酸性—中酸性小岩体成矿作用为主的多金属成矿规律 ,提出了成矿模式。     

横向各向同性介质中的弹性波方程逆时偏移及其成像条件

作者在本文中导出了在横向各向同性介质情况下，二维弹性波逆时传播的高阶差分格式，实现了弹性波在数值空间中的逆时延拓，从snell定量出发，采用插值法求取网格空间中各点的直达波旅行时，以此作为弹性波逆时偏移的成像条件，实现多波多分量资料的逆时偏移，数值试验表明，逆时偏移能够使地表接收到的波场准确归位，提高资料处理的精度。     

中国古生界海相地层油气勘探

影响中国古生界海相油气勘探并且需要加强研究的主要问题是:保存条件的认识与有利区预测;有效烃源岩与资源潜力;储层的复杂性及其对非构造圈闭的影响。保存条件分为三个层次:含油气盆地的保存、含油气系统的保存、油气藏的保存。塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯三大克拉通盆地是中国古生界保存较好的盆地,是海相油气勘探的战略目标区,另外还有准噶尔、楚雄等盆地。盆地斜坡相泥岩及泥状灰岩是海相油气勘探的主要烃源;海陆过渡相烃源岩发育区是重要战略方向;陆表海碳酸盐岩烃源岩区是中小油气田勘探领域。从储层条件来说,下古生界应以非砂岩岩溶储层为主要勘探对象,溶蚀不整合面广泛发育,已发现的下古生界大中型油气田仅见于碳酸盐岩溶储层;上古生界以孔隙性碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩储层为主要勘探对象,晚古生代的构造一古地理演化为这两类储层的广泛发育提供了条件。