用TTI和动力学模型计算R0值的对比—以中国南海北部为例

本文以南海北部大陆架西区为背景，对比研究用ＴＴＩ模型和化学动力学模型计算Ｒ０的结果，探讨其对石油成熟度评价的意义。研究表明，由动力学模型方法确定的石油窗成熟起始位置（深度和温度）浅于ＴＴＩ的结果，其差距随着加热速率增加而加大，对南海北部大陆架西区而言，影响程度增加的顺序是北部湾盆地一珠三坳陷－莺琼盆地。     

合肥盆地烃源岩有机质热演化历史分析

利用镜质体反射率资料及其定量恢复的合肥盆地的古地温结合伊利石结晶度测定系统研究了盆地石炭-二叠系以来的热演化史,在此基础上分析了石炭-二叠系、下侏罗系、中上侏罗系、白垩系、古近系的烃源岩有机质的热演化程度及热演化史,结果表明合肥盆地C-P系呈现为高成熟阶段,并在下侏罗统沉积之后开始进入生油门限,在上侏罗统沉积后地温曾达245℃,而在白垩纪中期(朱巷组沉积后)最大古地温度达到过305℃指示进入了过成熟阶段。下侏罗统防虎山组Ro值和伊利石结晶度也显示了较高的热演化程度,在中侏罗统沉积后开始进入生油门限,在早白垩世朱巷组沉积后达到了最高的热演化程度,最大古地温达260℃。中-上侏罗统随着下白垩统朱巷组的沉积而进入生油门限,在下白垩统沉积之后达到了最大的古地温度,分别为225℃、230℃,指示开始进入过成熟阶段,朱巷组最大埋藏温度出现在早白垩世末,达到了110～120℃,指示进入了成熟期。在上覆古近系沉积后曾达到最大古地温(110～160℃),显示进入了成熟阶段。古近系定远组未进入成熟阶段,最大古地温出现在定远组沉积之后,但小于50℃。     

变形煤镜质组反射率演化的地化机理及其地质意义

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)和核磁共振(NMR)等方法深入探讨了高温高压实验和构造煤样的化学结构演化特征,阐明了变形煤镜质组反射率的变化是其微观化学结构演化的外在反映。变形煤镜质组反射率的演化又受到应力和变形环境等因素的深刻影响,其真实地记录了构造变形历史中应力作用和应变环境等特征,是进行煤田构造研究的重要标志物之一      

变形煤镜质组反射率演化的地化机理及其地质意义

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)和核磁共振(NMR)等方法深入探讨了高温高压实验和构造煤样的化学结构演化特征,阐明了变形煤镜质组反射率的变化是其微观化学结构演化的外在反映。变形煤镜质组反射率的演化又受到应力和变形环境等因素的深刻影响,其真实地记录了构造变形历史中应力作用和应变环境等特征,是进行煤田构造研究的重要标志物之一。     

渤海湾盆地青东凹陷古近纪烃源岩热演化史研究

以地震、测井、录井及地球化学资料为基础,本文采用Easy-R o 方法对渤海湾盆地青东凹陷进行了古地温反演,计算 了该地区的古地温梯度,并进一步利用人工取井和盆地模拟方法,确定了沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段烃源岩的成熟度和展布 特征,预测了有利生烃区带的分布。结果表明,青东地区的古地温梯度为3.8℃ /100 m;沙四上亚段烃源岩的成熟度较高, 进入成熟- 高成熟阶段;沙三下亚段的烃源岩成熟度相对较小,为成熟- 低成熟阶段;纵向上,沙四上亚段较沙三上亚段生 烃范围大、烃源岩成熟度高;横向上,主要的生烃区带集中在青东凹陷主体洼陷地区（北部断阶带、北次洼、南次洼、中 次洼）以及青南洼陷,青东凹陷西斜坡地区未进入生烃门限。     

The transmittance color index of amorphous organic matter: a thermal maturity indicator for petroleum source rocks

Since the mid-1980s, Texaco has used the transmittance color index (TCI) of amorphous kerogen as an indicator of kerogen thermal maturation. The technique simply involves the direct measurement of a white-light spectrum as it is transmitted through a particle of amorphous organic matter (AOM). In brief, TCI values are obtained by the analysis of white light originating from a 100-W 6-V tungsten lamp attached to a photometric microscope. The assignment of particular TCI values is based on the increasing curvature of spectra with increasing maturity. TCI curves shift from an average wavelength around 580 nm for samples of immature, amorphous kerogen (i.e., material with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 0.20%) to about 660 nm for samples containing very dark brown to some black particulate material (i.e., kerogen with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 2.15%). The range of TCI values covers all zones of petroleum generation and preservation. In our opinion, TCI can provide as accurate a basis for maturation interpretations as is available from vitrinite reflectance (or from the mean random reflectance of some zooclasts, such as graptolites and chitinozoans), or the widely used visual estimate the thermal alteration index (TAI) or the similarly determined conodont color index (CAI). TCI is probably most useful, however, in those situations where the rocks to be examined have not yet reached the semianthricite coalification stage (≈2.0% vitrinite reflectance).     

煤的镜质体荧光强度与煤岩参数的关系

研究了煤的镜质体性质与煤岩参数的关系,表明镜质体的荧光强度I₆₅₀与镜质体的性质关系密切,这对表征等变质煤镜质体性质的差异极其重要。      

THE VITRINITE REFLECTANCE OF FAULT ROCKS FROM THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONE: CONSTRAINTS ON FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE FAULT DURING THE EARTHQUAKE

The temperature rise caused by frictional heating during seismic slip is able to indicate dynamic frictional properties of the seismic fault,which provides an approach to understand the dynamic process and energy budget of an earthquake.The residual indicators of frictional heating within the fault zone also can be taken as an evidence for seismic events.The vitrinite reflectance is a commonly-used geothermometer in the coal,oil and gas industries.It also has some potential applications in the studies of fault rock and fault mechanics.We studied vitrinite reflectance (VR) of fault rocks collected from surface outcrops of the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone in this paper.The measured data reveal that the VR of fault rocks are affected by fault motion,and there is a trend that the VR increases towards the fault core,which indicates the effects of frictional heating.The VR of fault rocks from the Bajiaomiao outcrop is much higher than those from the Shenxigou outcrop,which probably suggests the difference in fault activity at the two outcrops.Our study also suggests that systematic measurement of VR across the fault zone is helpful in identifying slip zones and determining their widths.From the VR measurement on an oriented specimen containing the slip surface of the Wenchuan earthquake from the Shenxigou outcrop,we observed anomalous high VR values in two black-colored slip zones of about 2mm in width near the slip surface.The numerical calculation shows that the maximum temperature rise on the fault plane near Shenxigou was probably less than 162℃ during the Wenchuan earthquake,which means the dynamic fault strength was quite low.These estimations are roughly in accord with the results from the high-velocity frictional experiments.     

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起奥陶系构造-热演化史恢复

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起区构造位置独特,演化历史复杂.该区下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩有机质丰度较高,是寻找天然气的有利地区.奥陶系碳酸盐岩由于缺乏有效的古温标,热演化程度的确定及热演化历史的恢复一直是研究的难题.本文利用渭北隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩大量的沥青反射率测试资料,结合上覆晚古生代、中生代地层的镜质组反射率资料及磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹等古温标,恢复了渭北隆起的构造热-演化史.研究结果表明古生界奥陶系热演化程度具有北高南低的特点.奥陶系等效镜质组反射率普遍大于2.00％,处于过成熟干气阶段.磷灰石裂变径迹资料表明渭北隆起抬升冷却具有南早北晚的特点.南部奥陶系-下二叠统抬升早,约为102～107 Ma,北部自65 Ma以来抬升,主要抬升时期为40 Ma以来.渭北隆起自早白垩世晚期(102～107 Ma)以来开始隆升,40 Ma以来具有整体快速隆升的特点.热演化史研究表明奥陶系经历的最大古地温是在早白垩世达到的,早白垩世发生过一期构造热事件,古地温梯度可达4.60℃/100 m,早白垩世是奥陶系烃源岩的主要生气期,生气期主要受构造热事件控制.奥陶系热演化程度及热演化史的研究对渭北隆起奥陶系天然气成藏条件研究及天然气勘探有重要意义.     

煤镜质组反射率的定向特征及其应力指示意义 ——以淮北矿区为例

基于淮北矿区4个矿井共15块煤定向样品的镜质组反射率测试数据,在相容性调整的基础上,开展煤样镜质组反射率三维椭球体进行拟合。结合区域及采样地成煤后构造演化分析及煤样变形类型特征,深入研究煤镜质组反射率三维椭球体的方位和形状对应力、温度和变形结构的响应,并探讨其内在机理。结果显示:煤镜质组反射率三维椭球体最大—中间反射率所在平面的倾向多与区域应力来源方向相近,其原因可能归结于煤中芳香片层向垂直于岩石圈当中近水平构造应力和上覆地层压力的合力方向优势发育。垂直于挤压应力方向延伸的断层的干扰、煤变形程度和多期应力场的叠加效应是导致少数样品指示异常的主因。在多期应力场叠加影响区域,镜质组反射率定向会向后期应力方向发生不同程度偏转。但对于强变形构造煤,煤体颗粒间的移位旋转会削弱镜质组反射率重新定向偏转的程度,使其镜质组最大—中间反射率平面倾向主要指示前期应力来源方向。岩浆热异常是导致最大—中间反射率所在平面陡倾的主要因素之一。根据弗林参数,多数样品表现为扁椭球型,仅是煤正常演化的反映,而长椭球型则主要反映了岩浆热异常的的影响。