上地幔超高压流体的金刚石压砧实验研究

地球深部流体主要是NaCl-H2O溶液,越到地球深部,它赋存的温度、压力越高,性质状态也不断变化,反之,亦然。当NaCl-H2O流体进入和脱离(上升过程)超临界状态时,其性质会发生截然不同的变化,影响着各种地质过程。使用金刚石压砧在高温高压下原位观测流体的实验,用谱学方法,结合同步辐射光源技术,成为定量化研究地球深部高温超高压流体的有效方法。作者使用同步辐射光源的红外谱研究了10GPa下的NaCl-H2O溶液;在地球化学动力学实验室研究了3GPa,650℃下的NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱,此测量方法可以提供温度压力和体积等数据,能研究其状态。NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱表明水分子主要振动谱受压力和温度影响是不同的。压力增加促使水分子主要振动谱向低波数变化。但是温度增加的效应相反。常温高压下水被压缩,结晶向紧密堆积变化。高温高压下的水有气、液、固和超临界流体各相。水分子间的氢键在近临界态开始减弱,氢键网络被破坏。     

哈达贺休盐湖卤水氢氧同位素特征及成因分析

内蒙古哈达贺休盐湖蕴藏着较为丰富的地下卤水资源,但人们对其成因和演化机制尚缺乏充分的认识。本文采用稳定同位素方法,研究了哈达贺休盐湖地下卤水及其周边水体的氢氧同位素组成特征,并对卤水的成因进行了分析。结果表明：哈达贺休盐湖地下卤水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-0.53 ‰和4.01 ‰,黑河河水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-36.73 ‰和-5.51 ‰,居延海湖水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为1.26 ‰和2.73 ‰,当地大气降水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-5.30 ‰和-1.20 ‰。研究区水体的蒸发趋势线方程为δD=5.32δ18O-20.08,该蒸发线偏离全球大气降水线。黑河河水的氘盈余值（d）最大,湖水和地下卤水的最小,而且湖水和卤水的d值与TDS呈负相关关系。偏正的?D和?18O值以及较小的d值,表明研究区卤水经历了强烈的蒸发,同时还存在与含氧类矿物的同位素交换反应。卤水和居延海湖水氢氧同位素值分布比较集中并且接近,二者都由黑河河水演化而来。     

三丁基锡对牡蛎吞噬细胞和保护酶系统活力的影响

检测了受三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)污染的牡蛎的吞噬细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脂质过氧化作用等生理生化指标。实验结果表明,牡蛎血细胞的吞噬活力随着TBT浓度的增加而下降;对不同TBT浓度下牡蛎的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性测定发现,在较低浓度下(TBT质量浓度<10μg/L),SOD和CAT的酶活力被抑制,随着TBT浓度的增大,SOD和CAT的比活力也随着增大,但当TBT达到较高浓度时,SOD和CAT的比活力开始下降,而过氧化脂质(LPO)却随着TBT的浓度的增加而增大。     

The hydrogen peroxide impact on larval settlement and metamorphosis of abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis diversicolor supertexta</Emphasis>

Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk. The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period, which has direct influence on abalone survival and production. The influence of reactive oxygen species （hydrogen peroxide） on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study. Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide. They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L. The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae, as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis. In addition, H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance. 24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time. In this paper, two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed： （1） hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells, thus cause apoptosis; （2） hydrogen peroxide, as a product from catecholamines＇ autoxidation process in vivo, can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis.     

铁还原过程对栖热腔菌Thermosipho ferrireducens JL129W03T的厌氧发酵代谢影响

本研究以分离自西北印度洋深海热液硫化物的铁还原栖热腔菌(Thermosipho ferrireducens) JL129W03T为研究对象,在以四方纤铁矿(β FeOOH)为电子受体条件下,测定了不同培养时间的细胞生长量和主要的代谢产物,并结合其基因组信息预测了主要代谢途径。结果表明,厌氧糖酵解是该菌的主要代谢途径,发酵代谢产物包括乙醇、乙酸、乳酸、丁酸和CO2。同时,该菌含有\[Fe Fe\]型氢酶,可以利用厌氧发酵过程产生的还原态铁氧还蛋白获得电子产生H2。在培养基中添加四方纤铁矿后,促进了菌株的最大细胞生长量(3.17×107 cells/mL至2.19×108 cells/mL),也促进了菌株对淀粉和纤维素的利用率(分别提高了100%和34%)。同时,培养基中添加四方纤铁矿后,菌株JL129W03的乙醇产量增加了76%,而丁酸的产量却降低了73%,对H2、乙酸、乳酸的产生影响较小。本研究对了解Thermosipho ferrireducens JL129W03T的生理代谢特点和进一步应用开发清洁能源(H2、乙醇等)奠定了基础。     

boldmath Investigation of inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in the binary mixture (acetone + water) by concentration dependent Raman study and ab initio calculations

This paper reports that vibrational spectroscopic analysis on hydrogen-bonding between acetone and water comprises both experimental Raman spectra and ab initio calculations on structures of various acetone/water complexes with changing water concentrations. The optimised geometries and wavenumbers of the neat acetone molecule and its complexes are calculated by using ab initio method at the MP2 level with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. Changes in wavenumber position and linewidth (fullwidth at half maximum) have been explained for neat as well as binary mixtures with different mole fractions of the reference system, acetone, in terms of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The combination of experimental Raman data with ab initio calculation leads to a better knowledge of the concentration dependent changes in the spectral features in terms of hydrogen bonding.     

河嘉203H含硫水平气井测试工艺实践

河嘉203H井是川东北河坝构造嘉二高压含硫气藏部署的第一口水平井,具有埋藏深、储层压力高、腐蚀分压高、地层易漏失、水平井压井堵漏难度大的特点,通过开展工具优选、管柱结构优化设计、流程优选,并对替浆、放喷油嘴控制及压井等主要工序的施工工艺参数进行研究,形成了河坝嘉二含硫气藏水平井测试工艺技术体系,并在河嘉203H井获得成功应用。     

Interaction of glucose and cellulose with hydrogen sulphide and polysulphides

This paper describes simulation experiments in which glucose and cellulose were reacted with polysulphide and hydrogen sulphide at ambient temperatures in an aqueous environment. Organic sulphur containing compounds were formed that yield several thiophenes upon pyrolysis/evaporation. The experiments show that interaction of carbohydrates with hydrogen sulphide or polysulphides is a possible way for carbohydrates to react in very recent sediments. From the results of this study it can be concluded that carbohydrate carbon can be preserved in sediments in a form that is resistant to microbial attack and that will have a greater potential for survival during diagenesis than the carbohydrate precursor.     

Responses of the tropospheric ozone and odd hydrogen radicals to column ozone change

The response of tropospheric ozone to a change in solar UV penetration due to perturbation on column ozone depends critically on the tropospheric NO _x (NO+NO₂) concentration. At high NO _x or a polluted area where there is net ozone production, a decrease in column ozone will increase the solar UV penetration to the troposphere and thus increase the tropospheric ozone concentration. However, the opposite will occur, for example, at a remote oceanic area where NO _x is so low that there is net ozone destruction. This finding may have important implication on the interpretation of the long term trend of tropospheric ozone. A change in column ozone will also induce change in tropospheric OH, HO₂, and H₂O₂ concentrations which are major oxidants in the troposphere. Thus, the oxidation capacity and, in turn, the abundances of many reduced gases will be perturbed. Our model calculations show that the change in OH, HO₂, and H₂O₂ concentrations are essentially independent of the NO _x concentration.     

电气石和水之间的氢同位素分馏

作者对电气-水体系氢同位素平衡分馏和动力学分馏和动力学分馏开展了实验研究，丰富了羟基矿物氢同位素分馏资料。本文对该研究的实验技术、分析方法作了介绍，并对实验结果进行讨论与国外已有的该方面的资料作了对比。在800-650℃时电气石和水之间氢同位素平衡分馏系数与温度间线性关系为103lna电气石-水=-28.24（106/T2）+2.60；交换速率常数与温度间关系为lnk2=-0.19-6.70（103/T）