In-situ Trace Element Analysis Characteristics of Pyrite in Sanshandao Gold Deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula: Implications for Ore Genesis

There are controversies about the genesis of the lode gold deposits in Jiaodong area. The Sanshandao gold deposit is the largest one in Jiaodong area. To better understand the genesis of the gold deposit, it is necessary to know the evolution of ore-forming fluid and the source of ore-forming material for the Sanshandao gold deposit. In this paper, the trace element composition of pyrite at different metallogenic stages in the Sanshandao gold deposit was analyzed by using LA-ICP-MS. Based on geological characteristics and petrography observation and SEM analysis, pyrite can be divided into three stages and six classes, including porous Py1-a and smooth Py1-b in pyrite-sericite-quartz alteration (Py1), many mineral inclusions in the Py2-a and smooth Py2-b associated with carbonate in the quartz-pyrite ± siderite veins (Py2), a lot of polymetallic sulfide inclusions hosted Py3-a and Py3-b with smooth and oscillation band in the quartz-polymetallic sulfide vein (Py3). The experimental results show that the gold content is very low in the lattice of pyrite, most of which is less than 1×10^-6, and gold mainly occurs in the form of visible gold. The contents of Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Sb of pyrite gradually increase from early stage to late stage. The high content of Co+Ni in the earliest stage (up to 9268×10^-6) reflects that pyrite in the early stage is likely derived from magma, and the Co/Ni ratio gradually decreases, suggesting the decrease of ore forming fluid temperature. Combined with the geological observations and trace elements component of pyrite, the study shows that the genesis of the Sanshandao gold deposit is related to the evolution of magmatic hydrothermal reservoir. The ore-forming fluid is transported several times along the fault by seismic pumping.     

甘肃北山花牛山金银铅锌矿床成因探讨

花牛山金银铅锌矿床位于塔里木板块塔敦煌地块北缘花牛山-黑山-双鹰山早古生代陆缘裂谷带中。矿体赋存于蓟县纪碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩的接触带和奥陶纪花牛山群中基性火山岩-沉积碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩建造中。矿体多呈似层状,次为扁豆状、透镜体状,少量为囊状、柱状等。围岩蚀变以铁白云石化为主,普遍见角岩化、矽卡岩化。稳定同位素研究表明,铅具有多源特点,来源于地幔及地壳,并与岩浆岩具有内在联系;硫来源主要为同化了海水硫酸盐的岩浆硫,并有少量生物还原硫参与。氢、氧、碳同位素指示成矿流体早期可能有岩浆热液,主成矿期主要是地层中的建造水参与成矿。结合成矿地质背景,认为花牛山金银铅锌矿床是火山喷发沉积-变质变形改造-后期岩浆热液叠加的多成因金银铅锌矿床。     

山东省高密地区高氟地下水的成因浅析

氟中毒是在特定的地理环境中发生的一种生物地球化学性疾病,其形成受多种因素的影响和制约。高密市地势南高北低,最高点海拔92 m,最低点海拔7.5 m;地下水主要以大气降水为补给源,水位标高由南向北逐渐降低,随着浅层地下水的大量蒸发,致使地下水中氟含量不断增高,最后形成高氟地下水。高密市氟中毒是由饮用高氟地下水引起的。高密市北部6镇地下水氟含量一般为5 mg/L,极值达到18.00 mg/L,当地居民长期饮用高氟水,致使部分人群发生氟中毒,对其身心健康造成极大伤害。     

黔东南三穗下寒武统黑色岩系中钒富集机制研究

扬子板块南缘下寒武统黑色页岩地层中分布有一套富含Ni、Mo、V、U、Ba、PGE等的多金属层,并在贵州多地形成Ni—Mo—V—Ba矿床.黔东南三穗钒矿是扬子板块南缘黑色页岩型多金属矿床的重要组成部分,矿体主要赋存于早寒武世九门冲组底部黑色炭质、硅质泥岩中.针对三穗钒矿含矿岩系,通过沉积学和元素地球化学研究,结果表明,赋...     

沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段致密储层成因机理

渤南洼陷是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷重要的油气富集区,其中渤南洼陷北带发育的深层砂砾岩致密油藏是沙河街组沙四上亚段油气增产的关键,其储层成因机理研究是该区实现未开发储量动用的基础.通过对钻井、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、储层物性、压汞、核磁共振等相关资料分析,认为致密储层分布于2类扇三角洲沉积物中,受沉积体系差异影响.早期形成的扇三角...     

老挝甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床含矿段的矿物学和地球化学特征及成因

老挝甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床位于呵叻盆地的东隅,本文以该矿床ZK318钻孔的含矿段———下盐层为研究对象,对其开展了系统的矿物学和地球化学特征研究。结果表明,矿石矿物以石盐、钾石盐和光卤石为主,含少量方硼石和硬石膏。根据矿物与主量元素的分布特征,将下盐层分为5个次层,由下至上顺序为:盐岩层(石盐为主)→钾盐岩层(钾石盐为主)→光卤石岩层(光卤石为主)→薄盐岩层(石盐为主)→钾盐岩层(钾石盐为主)。微量元素Br值均大于200×10-6,表明卤水来源于海水;由盐岩层→钾盐岩层→光卤石岩层,B含量呈现出逐渐升高的趋势,表明B含量与卤水盐度呈线性关系。但顶部钾盐岩层的B含量高达890×10-6,与少量方硼石的存在相吻合,指示成矿卤水除了海水外,还有深部热液的贡献。按照卤化物卤水蒸发浓缩的顺序,光卤石是该卤水浓缩的最后阶段,但在光卤石沉积之后,又晶出一薄层石盐,表明曾经历过一次短暂的淡水补给。上、下两层钾石盐具有基本相同的Br含量,分别为1 790×10-6和1 792×10-6,且均直接沉积在石盐之上,故为原生钾石盐,而非光卤石的次生淋滤产物。认为甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床为海源陆相沉积,海水和深部热液是成钾物质的主要来源,钻孔中出露的两层钾石盐均为原生沉积。     

赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿时代及成因初探:来自萤石Sm-Nd测年及黑云母电子探针的证据

隆坪萤石矿床是赣南已探明的大型单一萤石矿床,矿体产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。文章首次 采用Sm-Nd等时线法对隆坪萤石矿进行测年和稀土元素分析,并对永丰复式岩体中黑云母矿物成分进行了系统的测试;获 得了隆坪萤石矿的成矿年龄为158±3 Ma,与永丰复式岩体的成岩时代基本一致,表明该矿床萤石成矿作用与晚侏罗世岩浆 活动关系密切。隆坪萤石矿中萤石轻稀土元素略富集,重稀土相对平坦,具微弱Ce正异常（δCe=1.08~1.11,平均1.09） 和 微弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.91~0.98,平均0.95）,指示了萤石矿床的成矿流体经历了相对较高的温度。黑云母电子探针分析结 果证实永丰复式岩体形成于相对高温、低压和高氧逸度的环境,岩浆起源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,岩浆结晶分异晚阶 段岩浆期后热液富含F等挥发分。隆坪萤石矿床形成于晚侏罗世,成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填型。     

A Study of the Migration and Accumulation Efficiency and the Genesis of Hydrocarbon Natural Gas in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression

In order to investigate the migration and accumulation efficiency of hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression, and to provide new evidence for the classification of its genesis, a source rock pyrolysis experiment in a closed system was designed and carried out. Based on this, kinetic models for describing gas generation from organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation during this process were established, calibrated and then extrapolated to geologic conditions by combining the thermal history data of the Xushen-1 Well. The results indicate that the coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression are typical ＂high-efficiency gas sources＂, the natural gas generated from them has a high migration and accumulation efficiency, and consequently a large-scale natural gas accumulation occurred in the area. The highly/over matured coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression generate coaliferous gas with a high δ^13C1 value （〉 -20‰） at the late stage, making the carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases abnormally heavy. In addition, the mixing and dissipation through the caprock of natural gas can result in the negative carbon isotope sequence （δ^13C1 〉δ^13C2 〉δ^13C3 〉δ^13C4） of organic alkane gases, and the dissipation can also lead to the abnormally heavy carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases. As for the discovery of inorganic nonhydrocarbon gas reservoirs, it can only serve as an accessorial evidence rather than a direct evidence that the hydrocarbon gas is inorganic. As a result, it needs stronger evidence to classify the hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression as inorganic gas.     

黔中地区浅覆盖型岩溶塌陷成因机制与防治对策--以紫云县白云小学为例

黔中地区处于贵州省第二阶梯,平均海拔800~1600 m。具有可溶岩分布面积广、岩溶极其发育、第四系土层覆盖薄、地下水埋深浅、地下水动力条件强等特点。岩溶地面塌陷是该区主要地质灾害之一。为了查明贵州省紫云县白云小学岩溶塌陷的成因及发育机制,在塌陷区开展了水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、水文地质工程地质钻探、岩土样测试等多项工作。综合研究表明,白云小学岩溶塌陷是特殊的"水-土-岩"不良因素共同作用的产物。根据塌陷区的岩土组构特征,建议在黔中岩溶地区进行工程选址前,采用"监测预防+控水+工程治理"综合防治措施。     

黔西北乐开铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自硫、铅同位素的证据

赋存于泥盆系望城坡组白云岩中的乐开铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区,主要发育似层状矿体,具有典型的“逆(逆断裂)导-张(张断裂)运-岩(受断裂影响的碳酸盐岩破碎空间被碳质黏土岩圈闭形成的有利岩性组合)储”构造控矿模式。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,发育(网)脉状、角砾状、浸染状等构造与交代、充填、共边等结构,后生成矿特征明显。硫化物δ³⁴S值为11.1‰~18.1‰(均值约14.7‰),明显高于幔源岩浆硫的δ³⁴S值,与泥盆纪同期海水硫酸盐的δ³⁴S值相近,显示硫化物中的还原硫可能是赋矿地层中的高溶解度硫酸盐热化学反应(TSR)的产物。硫化物铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为18.400‰~18.767‰(均值为18.565‰);²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.660‰~16.058‰(均值为15.791‰);²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.580‰~39.432‰(均值为39.059‰),变化范围相对较大。铅同位素的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解与△γ-△β图解显示明显的壳源特征,同时暗示沉积岩石与基底岩石共同提供了成矿物质。综合矿床地质、硫化物硫、铅同位素特征,笔者认为乐开铅锌矿床的成矿过程为盆地流体循环萃取沉积岩石与基底岩石的金属元素后形成含矿流体,含矿流体被深大断裂导入上覆沉积地层的特殊构造部位(被碳质黏土岩圈闭的碳酸盐岩破碎空间)时,富含的热量导致沉积盖层中硫酸盐发生热化学反应(TSR),生成大量的S^2-,与含矿流体中的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺等金属阳离子结合成矿。乐开铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征与MVT型矿床类似,因此,乐开铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。成矿物质来源与矿床类型的确定有利于川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区同类型铅锌矿床的勘查与开发。