小秦岭义寺山金矿床地质特征及找矿标志①

义寺山金矿床位于小秦岭金矿田东端,区内燕山期岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件优越。赋矿围岩为太古界太华群的中深变质岩系。金矿体与韧-脆性构造带关系密切。矿体以含金硫化物石英脉为主,膨大收缩、分枝复合、尖灭再现现象普遍。主要围岩蚀变为硅化、钾化、绿泥石化和绿帘石化。金与多金属硫化物(尤其是黄铜矿和黄铁矿)及石英脉关系密切。岩石地球化学测量结果表明矿(化)体与原生晕异常叠合较好,对找矿有重要意义。硫化物石英脉、蚀变韧-脆性剪切带和围岩蚀变是主要的找矿标志。     

注浆工程扰动下煤系砂岩含水层水岩作用机理——以桃园煤矿为例

煤系砂岩裂隙水是煤矿重要的充水水源之一,以淮北煤田桃园煤矿二叠纪煤系为研究对象,在分析该矿水害注浆治理以来煤系水水化学特征的基础上,阐明了地下水水文地球化学作用机理及其控制因素。结果表明：注浆治理期间,煤系水中主要阳离子为Na⁺,主要阴离子为SO₄^2-;阳离子质量浓度由大到小为Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺,阴离子质量浓度由大到小为SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、Cl^-;通过Durov水化学图分析,注浆治理期间煤系水化学类型以Na-SO₄和Na-HCO₃为主;煤系水中存在黄铁矿氧化或碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解作用,并伴随着一定程度的阳离子交换作用与脱硫酸作用,特别是在注浆治理工程实施期间,阳离子交换作用增强;大型突水、注浆治理防治水工程、地质构造背景及采矿活动等均不同程度地影响了煤系水水岩作用,且随注浆治理范围增大,影响程度增大。该研究成果对于煤矿涌（突）水水源识别及水害防治具有重要意义,为类似条件下的其他煤矿（区）在突水或注浆治理扰动下的地下水水文地球化学研究及应用提供参考。     

Global Mapper在物探测量中的应用

物探测量内业的一些辅助性工作,由于涉及的软件及格式多种多样,需要多种不同的软件和繁杂的转换过程。本文介绍了如何利用Global Mapper软件来轻松的实现GPX转CAD、文本坐标转GPX、矢量数据转KML。同时对Global Mapper软件提供的制作晕染图与转换遥感及GIS数据功能做了简单的介绍。     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System $48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a cross- formationai flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal fows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI- and K Na , is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified: (1) residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, (2) residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and (3) interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System $48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Brconcentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enrichment of oil/gas become weaker, residual water increases, and the salinity and concentration of Br- decrease. At the edge of the main cave, although the wells have a high deliverability at the beginning with a short stable production period and water-free production period. After water breakthrough, the pressure and deliverability drop quickly, and the water content rises quickly. The hydrochemistrai characteristics of the produced water are relatively uniform. Wells in the branch caves have a relatively low deliverability at the beginning, with a short stable production period. Water breakthrough appears quickly and then the pressure and deliverability drop quickly. The salinity and concentrations of CI-and K Na are usually fluctuant or descend slowly in the produced water. Wells in low areas of ancient karst have a low deliverability and a short stable production period. The yield drops quickly and the water content is high, while the characteristics of the produced water may vary significantly well to well. The salinity and concentrations of CI- and K, Na in the produced water are usually fluctuant with a precipitous decline.     

小波分析在前郭水化观测资料处理中的应用

本文从小波变换原理入手,选取正交小波（Daubechies小波）对前郭井近10年水化观测资料进行分析,结果表明小波分析可以很好的抑制数据的干扰,将原始信息中高频信息和低频信息分辨出来。运用小波变换对观测资料进行处理后,映震效果明显优于原始资料,一些趋势变化和短临变化更直观,异常信息更加丰富,更有利于利用前兆数据进行地震预测。     

特提斯喜马拉雅带地热水化学特征与物源机制

西藏地热资源丰富,特别是其南部特提斯喜马拉雅地热带是一条现今仍然十分活跃的地热带。通过对该地热带10处代表性温泉野外调查及采样分析,讨论了水化学特征及水体中异常富集元素的物源机制。根据热储温度、水化学类型及水体中溶解的典型稀有分散性元素浓度,这些温泉可划分为两大类：一类包括卡乌、曲参岗、查巴曲珍和古堆温泉群,这些温泉热储温度均高于120℃,水化学类型以Na-Cl-HCO₃型为主,特征性稀有分散性元素如Li、B和As等显著富集;另一类包括锡钦、哲古和曲果温泉,热储层温度相对较低,变化于60~110℃,水化学类型以CaNa-HCO₃和Na-HCO₃型为主,Li、B和As等元素浓度较低。第一类温泉系统,水化学成分除与水循环深度大、热储温度高导致更强的水岩作用过程密切相关外,水体中异常富集的Li、B和As等特殊化学成分更可能与演化晚期的残余岩浆流体来源有关。相比之下,第二类温泉系统主要代表了水循环深度较浅、地下水更替频繁、冷水混入比例较大的温泉,水化学成分主要受控于水-岩作用的强弱。因此,特提斯喜马拉雅带地热水体异常富集的稀有分散性元素物源机制主要受控于深部富含这些元素的流体混入过程。     

广东河源市黄村地热田地热地质特征及地热流体化学特征

广东河源市黄村地热田是该区域一个典型的开启水热型地热系统。黄村地热田具有明显的控热导水构造,地温场受导水导热断裂控制,温度从断裂带向外逐渐降低。通过一系列的地热流体化学特征分析,研究区地热流体为碱性淡水,水化学类型为HCO3-Na型,具有强循环特点,SiO2含量达到理疗矿泉水标准,但F元素含量严重超标。通过各样点的Na-K-Mg组和Cl-SO4-HCO3组离子分析,得出地热流体处于水-岩作用的初级阶段,且混入了大比例冷水,利用硅-焓混和模型计算出了冷水混入比例为72%~75%。使用SiO2温标和硅-焓混合模型对热储温度进行了估算,综合分析认为石英温标估算值（T 石英=141.9~146.2℃）作为热储温度最为合适,进一步计算出热流的循环深度2759~2856 m。综合研究认为黄村地热田地热能开发前景广阔。     

苏北阜宁县地下水水化学特征及成因分析

为了查明苏北阜宁县潜水和承压水的水化学成因和补给特征,文章采集区域内地表水、潜水、承压水(第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水)的水样,结合数理统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和水化学特征系数等手段,分析了不同水体的氢氧同位素关系和矿化度分布、主要阴阳离子关系、水化学特征。结果表明:① 阜宁县地下水总体为弱碱性,潜水和承压水中阳离子质量浓度都呈现Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+,潜水中阴离子质量浓度呈现HCO-3>Cl->SO2-4>NO-3,第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水中阴离子质量浓度皆呈现出HCO-3>SO2-4>Cl->NO-3;潜水的总溶解固体(TDS)比第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水偏高,局部区域的潜水为微咸水和咸水,第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水的水质明显优于潜水。② 地下水的补给与大气降水相关,潜水为现代降水补给,第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水源于晚更新世或者更早时期的降水补给。③ 地下水水化学特性受降水影响较小,主要受到水岩作用、阳离子交换作用控制,其中第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水的盐分主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化,人类活动对地下水化学组分影响相对较弱。     

济南泉域岩溶水水化学特征

通过分析研究济南泉域代表性点多年水质动态变化资料,及2010年枯水期、丰水期各53份水质分析资料,总结了区内代表性点多年水质变化规律,并对2010年枯水期、丰水期主要水化学指标的分布、变化规律进行了分析对比,为保护济南泉域地下水提供了参考.     

区域岩溶水水化学特征与渗流研究

通过对川西南某水电工程坝址上、下游几十公里范围内下二叠统（Ｐ１）地层中岩溶水水化学场特征的分析研究和对比,运用反证法判定,区内该层中的岩溶水,虽然处在同一个含水系统中,但并非属同一个流动系统,进而论证了在不蓄水情况下不存在库区、坝区地下水沿Ｐ１灰岩向金沙江下游渗流问题。结果显示,利用水化学成分信息判定坝址上、下游岩溶水是否属同一个流动系统,进而分析渗漏可能性是一种简单、可靠的方法。