煤层气群井排采地层水来源判识及其意义

为指导煤层气生产区煤层气井排采,以沁水盆地南部樊庄区块生产监测区为例,通过系统采样测试分析了不同时间节点煤层气井产出地层水样的离子浓度变化特征、溶解性总固体、电导率和总硬度的变化特征,判识了产出地层水的水质类型和水化学相。研究表明:产出地层水的离子浓度、溶解性总固体、电导率和总硬度呈现出波动性变化的特征,具有明显的一致性,地层水中离子浓度除受地层水来源、矿物和离子性质影响外,还受区域井间干扰形成条件下煤层气井产出地层水的流体场影响。产出地层水质类型主要为HCO3—Na型,部分为Cl—Na型,产出地层水水化学相主要为煤层水,部分煤层气井产出地层水水化学相为顶底板围岩水(砂岩或泥岩水)或混有顶底板围岩水的煤层水。生产监测区煤层气群井排采地层水来源的判识有利于指导煤层气生产区排采控制。     

塔里木盆地西部古盐矿点卤水水化学特征与找钾研究

在塔里木盆地发展地史上,白垩纪—第三纪时曾有过多次大的海浸,带来了丰富的盐类物质成分,又由于干旱封闭的气候环境,其西部沉积了广阔而厚层的盐岩,因此一直被列为我国有利的找钾远景区。在对塔里木盆地西部晚白垩—第三纪地层出露盐矿点实地考察的过程中,采集、分析了一些卤水样品的水化学组成,通过K+含量及一些水化学系数变化特征的研究,查明了卤水的成因类型属石盐岩淋滤水,K+含量较低,没有出现显著水化学系数异常;但相比之下,塔里木盆地西南喀什坳陷构造区Br含量值明显高于库车坳陷,Br×103/Cl值等具找钾意义的水化学系数比其他地区高1～2个数量级,推测淋滤的盐层当时的成盐古卤水浓缩程度较高,Br出现相对的富积,有一定的找钾远景;另外,对比海水蒸发实验结果,发现卤水的化学成分明显不同于经典的海相成盐淋滤卤水,指示海相标志的Br、B等含量较低,反映了该区成盐环境是在海陆相互作用的复杂条件下形成的,今后的找钾工作不能局限于经典的海相成盐理论,应该结合岩盐及含盐系地层地球化学、盆地构造变形历史及构造分异特征的综合分析研究,寻找新的找钾指标,以期在喀什坳陷等更深一级次级盆地发现可能的钾盐矿床。     

Simulation of the effects of geochemical reactions on groundwater quality during planned flooding of the Königstein uranium mine, Saxony, Germany

Uranium mining in southeastern Germany resulted in significant environmental risks. Closure of the mines and subsequent rises of water levels may result in heavy-metal and radionuclide-bearing mine waters penetrating aquifers that are used for water supply. While there are certain (geo-)technical constraints on the schedule with which flooding of the mines can proceed, this process must not result in aggravating the problem of metal release. Evaluation of the likely 'natural' geochemical situation of Königstein mine after mining has ceased, and different scenarios for the release of metals indicates that rapid flooding, albeit avoiding unnecessary aeration of the waters, is likely to result in reducing conditions and consequently low U-solubilities.     

注浆工程扰动下煤系砂岩含水层水岩作用机理——以桃园煤矿为例

煤系砂岩裂隙水是煤矿重要的充水水源之一,以淮北煤田桃园煤矿二叠纪煤系为研究对象,在分析该矿水害注浆治理以来煤系水水化学特征的基础上,阐明了地下水水文地球化学作用机理及其控制因素。结果表明:注浆治理期间,煤系水中主要阳离子为Na+,主要阴离子为SO₄2-;阳离子质量浓度由大到小为Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+,阴离子质量浓度由大到小为SO₄2-、HCO₃-、Cl-;通过Durov水化学图分析,注浆治理期间煤系水化学类型以Na-SO₄和Na-HCO₃为主;煤系水中存在黄铁矿氧化或碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解作用,并伴随着一定程度的阳离子交换作用与脱硫酸作用,特别是在注浆治理工程实施期间,阳离子交换作用增强;大型突水、注浆治理防治水工程、地质构造背景及采矿活动等均不同程度地影响了煤系水水岩作用,且随注浆治理范围增大,影响程度增大。该研究成果对于煤矿涌（突）水水源识别及水害防治具有重要意义,为类似条件下的其他煤矿（区）在突水或注浆治理扰动下的地下水水文地球化学研究及应用提供参考。      

文登区浅层地下水化学演化与海水入侵研究

作者采用水化学演化图(hydrochemical facies evolution diagram,HFE-D)和海水入侵地下水质量指数(GQISWI)对山东威海文登区地下水的化学演化和海水入侵情况进行了分析.Piper图的结果表明文登区从北到南地下水的化学组成分别是Ca-HCO3、Ca-Mg-Cl、Na-Cl.HFE...     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System $48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a cross- formationai flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal fows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI- and K Na , is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified: (1) residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, (2) residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and (3) interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System $48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Brconcentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enrichment of oil/gas become weaker, residual water increases, and the salinity and concentration of Br- decrease. At the edge of the main cave, although the wells have a high deliverability at the beginning with a short stable production period and water-free production period. After water breakthrough, the pressure and deliverability drop quickly, and the water content rises quickly. The hydrochemistrai characteristics of the produced water are relatively uniform. Wells in the branch caves have a relatively low deliverability at the beginning, with a short stable production period. Water breakthrough appears quickly and then the pressure and deliverability drop quickly. The salinity and concentrations of CI-and K Na are usually fluctuant or descend slowly in the produced water. Wells in low areas of ancient karst have a low deliverability and a short stable production period. The yield drops quickly and the water content is high, while the characteristics of the produced water may vary significantly well to well. The salinity and concentrations of CI- and K, Na in the produced water are usually fluctuant with a precipitous decline.     

论中国盐湖

中国是一个多盐湖的国家，并有悠久的盐湖开发历史。第四纪盐湖主要分布于我国西部和东北部。笔者将中国盐湖划分为4个盐湖区和13个盐湖亚区。已知的4种盐湖水化学类型在中国均已找到。这些盐湖水化学类型以柴达木－塔里木东部干旱（极干旱）地区为中心，向外围发生有规律的变化。自第四纪以来，中国盐湖带反映出有6次以上干旱扩张期，该发现对于阐明中国乃于东亚第四纪古气候环境演变有着重要意义。     

饶阳凹陷留西—留北地区新近系地层水特征及其与油气分布的关系

以冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷新近系油气分布最富集的留西—留北地区为研究对象,通过对该区新近系地层水及其与油气分布关系的系统分析,明确了新近系地层水的水化学类型及矿化度分布特征,揭示了该区新近系地层水的地球化学特征异常与油气运移、油气分布的内在关系。结果表明：留西—留北地区新近系整体上发育低矿化度的NaHCO3型地层水,地层水矿化度具有由西向东、由北向南逐渐增加的趋势,同时水化学类型由HCO3--Cl--Na＋型过渡为Cl--HCO3--Na＋型;在油源和断裂条件良好的条件下,新近系地层水异常与油气分布具有良好的对应关系,新近系油气主要在地层水矿化度高于背景值、水化学类型异常及油源断裂发育的地区富集,同时新近系高矿化度Na2SO4型或MgCl2型地层水对油气由深向浅的运聚特征具有重要的指示作用。     

广西藤县大黎钼矿床地质特征及找矿方向

广西藤县大黎钼矿床位于钦杭成矿带西南端大瑶山金多金属成矿带上,矿体赋存于大黎岩体南端与寒武纪黄口洞组的内外接触带,受岩体接触带控制,平面上呈环形围绕岩体分布,其中外接触带黄铁绢英岩化地段为主要矿化部位。围岩蚀变以黄铁矿化、绢云母化为主,蚀变范围广,围绕岩体呈面状分布,不同蚀变间相互重叠。矿石以网脉状构造为主,其次为细脉状构造,浸染状构造较少见。矿化特征表明,该矿床成因类型属于斑岩型钼矿床。露头出现的辉钼矿和钼华、围绕斑岩体边缘分布的石英网脉、黄铁绢英岩化蚀变和Mo元素化探异常是重要的找矿指示标志。大瑶山地区花岗质斑岩体出露地区、Mo-Cu化探异常套合较好地区为有利成矿区。大黎岩体西南部接触带和东部地区成矿条件较为有利,可作为下一步找矿工作的重点区。     

鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地硫酸盐的水文地球化学特征及来源

鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地蕴藏有丰富的地下水资源,地下水赋存于白垩系砂岩中。为了查明地下水微咸水的成因,对40件地下水样品的水化学组成、SO42-的区域分布特征和28件硫同位素组成进行了分析,并对34件岩石样品进行了溶滤试验研究。结果表明:SO42-是地下水中主要阴离子组分,具有东部低西部高,北部低南部高的区域分带特征;硫酸盐是白垩系地层中主要的易溶盐组分,并以石膏和芒硝形式存在;地下水中SO42-主要来源于地层中石膏和芒硝,其次是地层中的硫化物,少量来源于有机硫。