GPS RTK技术及其在“数字城管”中的应用

概述了RTK技术作业模式的基本原理,分析了RTK技术的误差来源及解决对策,讨论了RTK技术在数字城管控制测量及部件测量中的应用。     

The Diagenesis of Plant Lipids during the Formation of the Krepoljin Coal Basin (Serbia) — Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Saturated Biomarkers

The composition of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction of soluble organic matter (bitumen) from the Krepoljin brown coal basin (East Serbia) of Miocene age was investigated. The Krepoljin basin is especially interesting from a geochemical point of view. Namely, by the end of Tertiary Period, the basin was covered by powerful Mesozoic formations of great possibilities, the bedding became hermetically enclosed and protected from subsequent external influences. The nature of early diagenetic processes in the environment with abundant accumulation of organic substance is defined by the molecular content of bitumen through the connections of molecular structures to potential precursors in paleoplant phylla, as well as by the degree of their diagenetic transformations. The hierarchy of parameters based on molecules of saturated hydrocarbons was determined by applying the principal component analysis to the soluble organic matter. The most significant, most “loadings” values of component C1, are the plant types such as precursors or participants in early diagenetic transformations of steranes Cs27-algal precursor material, Cs28-moulds, Cs29-higher land and water plants; resinous from the group of higher plant gymnosperms (G); also triterpanes α and β-amirin-dicotyledonous angiosperms (A) and bacterial and/or terrestrial plants population represented by hopanes/moretanes; as well as the parameters which describe the degree of diagenetic/maturation transformation of precursor biomass, and based on next reactions: (1) shifting of methyl group, influenced by the inorganic sediment constitutents, sterane-rearranged steranes, (2) isomerization in the ring system, ααα→βββ C29 sterane as well as (3) isomerization on chiral center of the side chain sequence R→S C29 sterane S/(S+R). Additionally, a pyrite-derived inhibitory effect on the rearrangment of C29 steranes must be taken into account, but not on triterpanes reaction. Non-appearance of statistically important correlations, before all with maturational depended parameters, and after all also with source indicators contributies to the affirmation of the newly-suggested parameter α-Phyllocladane/S27 as the real source biomarker of coal. Indicators derived from the distribution and abundance of n-alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes are of less significance in hierarchy of parameters.     

Water pollution sources assessment by multivariate statistical methods in the Tahtali Basin,Turkey

In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor, principal component and cluster analysis were applied to surface water quality data sets obtained from the Tahtali River Basin, Turkey. Factor and principal components analysis results revealed that surface water quality was mainly controlled by agricultural uses and domestic discharges. Cluster analysis generated two clusters. Based on the locations of the sites consisted by each cluster and variable concentrations at these stations, it was concluded that agricultural discharges strongly affected north and northeast part of the region. These methods are believed to assist water managers to understand complex nature of water quality issues and determine priorities to improve water quality.     

赫尔默特方差分量估计方法在嫦娥一号卫星测角计算中的应用

在我国探月工程嫦娥一号卫星测轨中,需要对测距观测和VLBI时延观测进行综合解算,以确定卫星的角位置时间序列,因而需要考虑不同类型观测资料之间的权重分配问题。本文通过仿真计算,具体比较了不同情况下最小二乘平差方法与赫尔默特(Helmert)方差分量估计方法下测角计算的精度。虽然通常情况下观测资料都提供误差估计,但此估计却不一定能够准确反映实际的观测精度。仿真计算表明,此时应用Helmert求解方法,能够显著提高解算的精度。相比于最小二乘平差方式,Helmert求解方式在计算量上略有增加,但这对于现代计算设备几乎可以忽略。     

基于ArcEngine的房产普查管理信息系统的设计与实现

从房屋数据库设计、房屋普查与管理综合功能模块的角度介绍了房屋普查管理信息系统的设计与业务流程。系统的数据库是在ACCESS 2003下进行管理,并在VB.net环境下开发前端应用平台,利用ADO.net动态数据连接引擎实现数据间的通信;利用ArcEngine组件技术,采用嵌入式集成方式,实现房屋查询、房屋管理、房屋信息统计等专业应用与基本地理信息功能的集成,也是地理信息系统(GIS)与管理信息系统(MIS)的综合应用。     

广东省地籍数据库管理系统研究

将GIS技术、关系数据库技术、计算机及网络技术等信息技术引入地籍管理,旨在建立一个面向全广东省的城乡一体化的地籍数据库管理系统,实现地籍数据的多级联动、资源共享,形成标准统一、上下一致的无缝空间与属性地籍数据资源管理体系.     

THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN HIGH AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL REGIONS

This study aims to explore the interdecadal variation of South Asian High (SAH) and its relationship with SST (Sea surface temperature) of the tropical and subtropical regions by using the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1948 to 2012, based on the NCAR CAM 3.0 general circulation model. The results show that: 1) the intensity of SAH represents a remarkable interdecadal variation characteristic, the intensity of SAH experienced from weak to strong at the late 1970s, and after the late 1970s , its strength is enhanced and the area is expanded in the east-west direction. The expansion degree is greater westward than eastward, while it is opposite in summer. 2) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, after the late 1970s, the divergent component of wind field has two ascending and three descending areas. Of the two ascending areas, one is located in the East Pacific, the other location varies with the season from the Indian Ocean in winter to the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer. Three descending areas are located in the north-central Africa, the East Asia and the Middle Pacific region respectively. 3) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, the rotational component of wind field at the lower level is an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer, while in winter, it is an anomalous cyclone over the Indian Ocean, and an anomalous anticyclone over the equatorial Middle Pacific. 4) Numerical simulations show that the interdecadal variation of SAH is closely related to the SST of the tropical and subtropical regions. The SST of Indian Ocean plays an important role in winter, while in summer, the SST of the South China Sea and West Pacific plays an important role, and the SST of the East Pacific also plays a certain role.     

井中三分量磁测在鲁西大张深覆盖区铁矿勘查中的应用

近年来,在山东省德州市东南部深覆盖区的矽卡岩型铁矿勘查工作取得重大找矿突破,相继发现了李屯、大张、潘店铁矿床;该区找矿工作中使用的“地质—磁法—重力—电法—地震—钻探—测井—综合研究”等找矿方法效果明显。大张地区矽卡岩型铁矿成矿地质条件优越,即该区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩地层广泛分布,燕山晚期中基性侵入岩发育,构造活动显著。以往大张异常西半环地区勘查工作取得了良好找矿成果,而对该异常东半环则尚未进行异常查证。本次研究在总结大张地区矽卡岩型铁矿成矿规律的基础上,在大张异常东半环开展了异常查证工作,施工的DZK2钻孔虽未见矿,但井中三分量磁测工作在该孔揭露的奥陶纪地层和岩体接触带处发现了矿致异常,推断其为一盲矿体,由此表明大张异常东半环亦有较好的铁矿找矿潜力。井中三分量磁测工作成果表明该勘查手段在矽卡岩型铁矿勘查工作的必要性和有效性。     

基于水化学数据的矿山涌水水源识别:主成分分析与残差分析

涌水是矿山安全生产的重要威胁之一,掌握涌水的水源是预防这类灾害的重要依据。基于多期次的水化学监测数据,提出了利用主成分分析(PCA)和残差分析来识别涌水的水源数量和水源类型。主成分分析能够充分提取高维数据的结构信息,消除变量冗余。残差分析利用主成分分析结果,提取不同的主成分个数重构离子浓度,得出重构离子浓度和原始离子浓度之间的残差,利用残差的结构性信息来判断可能的涌水水源数量和水源类型。结果表明:随保留主成分个数的增加,重构离子浓度的精度越高,离子残差的结构性得到消除且表现出随机性。在实例应用中,通过利用5个主成分重构离子浓度消除了所有主要离子残差结构性,保证了信息的最大程度提取,因此,确定研究矿山涌水水源数量为5个;同时,利用每个主成分对残差结构性的影响程度及离子相关性分析,确定了这5个水源类型为海水、第四系孔隙水、富钙基岩水、富镁基岩水和淡水。     

基于HSV与PCA集成的高分影像高大地物阴影检测方法

针对水体、偏蓝色地物会影响高分影像阴影检测精度,本文提出了一种适用于GF-1影像的城市高大地物阴影检测方法。首先,在统计分析GF-1影像中阴影、水体及深色地物等典型地物光谱特征的基础上,利用主成分变换方法分割阴影与非阴影区域,分离后的阴影区域含有水体、深色地物信息;其次,对HSV色彩空间的V分量利用阈值法分割阴影和非阴影区域,分离后结果含有暗色植被,但不含有水体跟深色地物信息。最后,对两次计算结果进行逻辑与运算,从而剔除混合阴影区域中水体、深色地物以及暗色植被等信息,获得高精度阴影区信息。实验表明,该方法具有较好的普适性和可操作性,既能够削弱水体、偏蓝色地的影响,又能够高效、准确地提取出GF-1影像中的阴影信息。