农产物产量预报模式管理应用系统的软件设计

为更加系统有效地开展农作物产量预报工作，研制了《农作物产量预报模式管理咨询应用服务系统》，可将各种类型的已建产量预报模式归入档入库，为用户提供咨询服务并自动实现预报结果输出     

上震旦统灯影组中非叠层石生态系兰细菌白云岩

上震旦统灯影组 2段和 3段是四川盆地主要天然气储层之一。在浅色白云岩地层中富含炭化的黑色非叠层石生态系兰细菌白云岩。它既可发育于沉积期和胶结作用期 ,也可发育于表生成岩作用期。沉积期发育的非叠层石生态系兰细菌白云岩呈纹层状产出或围绕颗粒的四周生长。这类兰细菌白云岩的单层厚度从 1mm到 >10 cm不等 ,其总厚度约占灯影组 2段和 3段的 1/ 10左右 ,有时也呈不连续的黑色小点发育于白色叠层石生态系兰细菌白云岩的叠层石、层纹石中。胶结作用期 ,二或三个世代亮晶胶结物交替发育“充填”孔隙。表生成岩作用期 ,黑色的兰细菌主要呈多世代的线状纹层与白色纤维状白云石组成多世代的间互纹层充填在岩溶溶洞、溶沟以及扩溶的裂隙中。非叠层石生态系兰细菌主要形态有球形、椭球形和棒形 ,偶有蘑菇形及其它形状。群体呈现为串珠状、草丛状、分叉树枝状和类似于火山喷发状等等。群体的古生态表现为向上生长、围绕颗粒向四周发散生长、粘结颗粒 ,或向原生粒间孔隙、次生溶洞、溶沟中心向心生长。对现代兰细菌的降解实验佐证所讨论的非叠层石生态系兰细菌是灯影组中烃源岩之一。     

Effectiveness of simple approaches in mitigating residual deformations in buildings

Developments in performance‐based seismic design and assessment approaches have emphasized the importance of considering residual deformations. Recent investigations have also led to a proposed direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) approach which includes an explicit consideration of the expected residual deformations as an integral part of the design process. Having estimated the expected residual deformations in a structure, engineers are faced with the problem of reducing them to meet the targeted performance levels under pre‐defined seismic hazard levels. Previous studies have identified the post‐yield stiffness as a primary factor influencing the magnitude of residual deformations in single degree of freedom and multiple degree of freedom structures. In this paper, a series of simple approaches to increase the post‐yield stiffness of traditional framed and braced systems for the purpose of reducing residual deformations are investigated. These methods do not utilize recentring post‐tensioned technology. This contribution addresses the feasibility of altering the lateral post‐yield stiffness of structural systems by: (i) using different reinforcement materials with beneficial features in their stress–strain behaviour; (ii) re‐designing the section geometry and properties of primary seismic‐resisting elements; and (iii) introducing a secondary elastic frame to act in parallel with the primary system. The efficiency of each of these techniques is investigated through monotonic and cyclic moment‐curvature and non‐linear time‐history analyses. Of these approaches the design and introduction of an elastic secondary system was found to be most effective and consistent in reducing residual deformations. A simplified design approach for achieving the desired increase of a system's post‐yield stiffness is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review on statistical models for identifying climate contributions to crop yields

Statistical models using historical data on crop yields and weather to calibrate relatively simple regression equations have been widely and extensively applied in previous studies, and have provided a common alternative to process-based models, which require extensive input data on cultivar, management, and soil conditions. However, very few studies had been conducted to review systematically the previous statistical models for indentifying climate contributions to crop yields. This paper introduces three main statistical methods, i.e., time-series model, cross-section model and panel model, which have been used to identify such issues in the field of agrometeorology. Generally, research spatial scale could be categorized into two types using statistical models, including site scale and regional scale (e.g. global scale, national scale, provincial scale and county scale). Four issues exist in identifying response sensitivity of crop yields to climate change by statistical models. The issues include the extent of spatial and temporal scale, non-climatic trend removal, colinearity existing in climate variables and non-consideration of adaptations. Respective resolutions for the above four issues have been put forward in the section of perspective on the future of statistical models finally.     

中亚北乌斯丘尔特盆地成藏组合划分与资源潜力评价

根据北乌斯丘尔特盆地主要地质特征和油气聚集规律,并以储集层为核心,在始新统、下白垩统、中侏罗统、下侏罗统和石炭系等储集层内划分出7个成藏组合。然后采用蒙特卡洛模拟法对不同成藏组合中的石油和天然气的待发现可采资源量分别进行模拟计算。结果表明,北乌斯丘尔特盆地待发现可采资源量可达2102 MMboe,其中石油为1201 MMbbl,天然气为5406 Bcf。同时参考对储层、圈闭、运移和保存等成藏要素的地质风险评价结果,应用资源－地质风险概率双因素法进行有利区带的优选。共划分出1个Ⅰ类成藏组合,1个Ⅱb类成藏组合,2个Ⅲ类成藏组合,2个Ⅳa类和1个Ⅳc类成藏组合。综合分析认为盆地西部北布扎奇隆起是最有利的勘探区,中生界的勘探目标主要是发育于隆起北坡及顶部的拉长型断背斜构造,古生界巴什基尔阶和阿赛尔阶碳酸盐岩和礁体储层的勘探潜力也不容忽视。而在盆地东部的局部地区,可能会在始新统和中侏罗统砂岩储层以及石炭系维宪阶碳酸盐岩储层中发现一定量的油气资源。     

大民屯凹陷地层水水文地质特征与油气聚集关系

对大民屯凹陷前第三系潜山、下第三系沙河街组地层水化学场研究发现，本区油田水总矿化度及二价阳离子浓度偏低，地层水总矿化度具有明显的垂向分带性，水体主要为陆相成因并受地表水渗入的影响较大，变质程度高，油田水的演化与盐类的溶解有关。该区地层水的流动受断裂和沉积砂体的控制，在水头压力、浮力动力场控制下其流动样式和分布规律反映了凹陷内油气的运聚规律，可为本区自生自储、新生古储式油气藏的判别提供有利证据。     

石油烃和营养盐的复合污染对海洋浮游植物的影响Ⅰ. 石油烃对海洋浮游植物吸收营养盐的影响

通过向具有相同营养盐浓度的培养体系中添加不同浓度的石油烃,对中肋骨条藻、赤潮异弯藻、微小亚历山大藻和锥状斯氏藻进行周期性培养,探讨了石油烃对微藻营养盐吸收动力学的影响.结果发现,在开始30min内,微藻对营养盐均有一非耗能的短暂快吸收,随后吸收速率下降并趋于稳定.石油烃对中肋骨条藻和赤潮异弯藻氮、磷的吸收都表现抑制作用,浓度从0.13 mg/L到8.25mg/L的石油烃所呈现的抑制作用基本表现为先减弱后逐渐增强,8.25mg/L浓度的石油烃抑制作用最强.与中肋骨条藻和赤潮异弯藻实验结果不同的是,石油烃对微小亚历山大藻和锥状斯氏藻的氮、磷吸收在低浓度时呈现促进作用,且促进作用的程度随石油烃浓度的增加有先增强后减弱的趋势,在高浓度下促进作用会消失,8.25mg/L的石油烃不表现促进作用.石油烃对微藻营养盐吸收动力学的影响表现出复杂性,这既受石油烃浓度的影响,也与浮游植物的种类有重要关系.     

婆罗洲地质构造特征及其对南海南部盆地的影响

南海南部曾母、文莱—沙巴盆地油气资源丰富,已发现一大批油气田及含油气构造。曾母盆地南部与文莱—沙巴盆地油气的生成、运移和聚集与婆罗洲地块息息相关。婆罗洲地块地质特征复杂,自古新世开始,古南海逐渐消失,与婆罗洲地块发生碰撞,中新世开始隆升造山。在这种地质背景下,婆罗洲拉让河和巴兰河为曾母盆地南部与文莱—沙巴盆地的主要物源,发育三角洲相、滨浅海相、浊积扇相、浅海相砂岩储层;同时,压扭型构造发育,不仅形成断块与背斜型油气藏,同时具有良好的油气运移条件。     

下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理及烃源岩条件研究

以下扬子下寒武统为研究对象,利用野外露头、岩心、岩石微观分析、有机地球化学等资料,在地层对比基础上,开展了下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理研究及烃源岩条件评价。结果表明：下扬子下寒武统主要发育硅质岩、硅质泥页岩、碳质泥页岩、灰质泥页岩、泥灰岩、白云岩6种岩石类型;地层可划分为3段,其中安吉-石台-上海地区三段发育齐全,其他地区一段大部分缺失,二段存在不同程度缺失;沉积相主要发育盆地、陆棚、斜坡、台地边缘、局限台地5种类型;烃源岩主要分布于石台-安吉、滁州-盐城、德兴-桐庐盆地相及周边陆棚相,石台-安吉地区是烃源岩发育最有利区,泥岩厚度300~700m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.5%~5.76%;德兴-桐庐地区泥岩厚度200~400m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.96%;滁州-盐城凹陷泥岩厚度50~200m,TOC为2%~4%。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩干酪根类型全部为Ⅰ型,有机质组分主要为腐泥组,以藻类体为主,含少量腐泥无定形体。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩均处于过成熟演化阶段,总体上由皖南盆地区向两侧台地逐渐降低,九江、景德镇、黄山及开化淳安地区受火山岩影响Ro在4.0%以上;安庆-溧阳-南通以南,湖州-苏州以西处于盆地、陆棚及斜披部位,埋深大,Ro为3.0%~4.0%;潜山、南陵、无为、金坛及苏北中新生代凹陷由于后期埋深较大,Ro在3.0%以上;其他区域Ro为2.0%~3.0%。