华南火成黄英岩的特征和成因机理

新近在华南发现的黄英岩与富氟花岗岩存在密切的时空联系。黄英岩具典型火成斑状结构。斑晶为黄玉和石英，基质由柱状－针状黄玉微晶和他形石英组成。     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷煤成烃特征及形成

本文从油气基本性质、类型、成熟度、油气源分析以及煤，岩生烃、排烃机理等方面，以详尽的资料论证了目前在台北凹陷（不包括胜金口油田）所发现的油气是煤成烃，并得出如下结论：①该区的原油具有陆相原油的典型特征，从物性和成因上可以分为三类；②该区的煤成气以甲烷碳同位素偏轻、重烃气体碳同位素偏重为特征；③该区的原油和天然气成熟度低，来源于中、下侏罗统煤系源岩（主要是煤）；④该区能形成工业性煤成油气流与该区煤岩富氢组分含量高并具早期生、排烃等特点，以及良好的生储盖条件有关。     

微束分析技术在有机岩石学研究中的应用现状

介绍了扫描电镜能谱、透射电镜、二次离子质谱、激光微探针质谱、显微傅立叶红外光谱等几种微束分析技术的性能特点，系统地论述了其在有机岩石学在应用现状与进展，并较详细地阐述了利用上述技术研究塔里木盆地烃源岩显微组分的结果。     

A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate

The largest accumulations on Earth of natural gas are in the form of gas hydrate, found mainly offshore in outer continental margin sediment and, to a lesser extent, in polar regions commonly associated with permafrost. Measurements of hydrocarbon gas compositions and of carbon-isotopic compositions of methane from natural gas hydrate samples, collected in subaquatic settings from around the world, suggest that methane guest molecules in the water clathrate structures are mainly derived by the microbial reduction of CO₂ from sedimentary organic matter. Typically, these hydrocarbon gases are composed of > 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions (δ¹³C_PDB) ranging from − 57 to − 73‰. In only two regions, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caspian Sea, has mainly thermogenic methane been found in gas hydrate. There, hydrocarbon gases have methane contents ranging from 21 to 97%, with δ¹³C values ranging from − 29 to − 57‰. At a few locations, where the gas hydrate contains a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, microbial methane is always dominant. Continental gas hydrate, identified in Alaska and Russia, also has hydrocarbon gases composed of > 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions ranging from − 41 to − 49‰. These gas hydrate deposits also contain a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, with thermal methane likely to be dominant. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd     

Post-entrapment modification of fluid inclusions due to overpressure: evidence from natural samples

Abstract Effects of post-entrapment fluid-inclusion modification are examined with reference to retrogression-related quartz veins from the Caledonian, Øse Thrust, northern Norway. The inclusions occur in secondary trails, and contain high-density hypersaline aqueous fluids. On morphological characteristics, they are subdivided into, Type A: elongate, ellipsoidal and/or irregular inclusions, and Type B: more equant, regular, and/or negative crystal form. With reference to previous research on post-entrapment modification of inclusions in quartz it is proposed that Type A inclusions experienced little or no post-entrapment modification, whereas Type B inclusions show features characteristic of post-entrapment permanent inelastic stretching and/or leakage. This produces increased homogenization temperatures ( T _h), associated with increased inclusion volume and lowering of density, whilst maintaining constant salinity. The similarity of data for degree of fill and salinity between Type A and Type B inclusions indicates that Type B inclusions have primarily modified by stretch rather than leakage. However, the spread towards slightly larger volume of vapour in Type B inclusions suggests that some leakage has also occurred. Because stretched and/or partially leaked inclusions have increased T _h, isochore projections significantly underestimate trapping pressure ( P _t) relative to unmodified inclusions. Therefore, recognition of post-entrapment inclusion modification due to overpressure is crucial to avoid misinterpretation of data, but has considerable potential for constraining the detail of P-T trajectories of individual rocks. On this basis, rocks from the Øse Thrust zone, north Norway, are shown to have experienced rapid uplift on a 'clockwise' P-T-t path during the final stages of Caledonian (Scandian) orogenesis.     

雷琼新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体矿物中的流体─熔体包裹体的REE组成特征

雷琼地区新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体的１２件单矿物稀土元素中子活化分析表明，雷州和琼北地幔岩包体中不含流体－熔体包裹体的同类矿物的ＲＥＥ组成有明显差异，反映了雷州与琼北玄武岩地幔源区ＲＥＥ组成的不均一性。通过对比同一地幔岩包体中含包裹体与不含包裹体相同矿物的微量元素组成，发现雷琼地幔岩包体矿物中的流体－熔体包裹体富含ＲＥＥ，尤其是ＬＲＥＥ；并且不同产地地幔包体同类矿物中和同一包体不同矿物中包裹体的丰度及其ＲＥＥ含量也有明显差异，表明地幔流体本身也存在不均一性。     

铜陵鸡冠山岩体中的堆晶淬冷包体

安徽省铜陵市鸡冠山岩体中发现一种新型的岩石包体──堆晶淬冷包体。这是一种辉石堆晶岩，中粒，含辉石８０％，磷灰石８％，磁铁矿４％，基质８％。基质只存在于部分辉石粒间，以斜长石为主，细粒结构，向包体边缘变为微粒结构的淬火边。这是辉石等矿物堆积后，粒间熔体尚未固结时，被对流岩浆冲碎带向浅部骤冷形成的。包体与寄主岩石具有一致的辉石成分和Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素初始比值，表明包体属同源包体。     

豫西萑香洼金矿床成矿机制探讨：流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

萑香洼金矿位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区，是大型的构造蚀变岩- 石英脉复合型金矿床。该矿床热液成矿作用经历了4个阶段：黄铁矿- 石英阶段（Ⅰ）、石英- 黄铁矿阶段（Ⅱ）、石英- 多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和碳酸盐阶段（Ⅳ）。为查明成矿流体的类型、性质、演化特征及成矿物质来源，对脉石英流体包裹体进行了系统的显微测温、成分及H、O、S同位素测试分析，在此基础上，探讨了成矿机制。研究结果表明，第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段主要发育CO 2- H 2O- NaCl型包裹体和NaCl- H 2O型包裹体，以富液相包裹体为主，同时发育少量富气相包裹体，第Ⅳ阶段仅发育NaCl- H 2O型包裹体。从早到晚，各成矿阶段包裹体的均一温度分别集中在260~320℃、220~280℃、180~240℃和120~180℃，盐度分别集中在5%~9%NaCleq、7%~12%NaCleq、5%~10%NaCleq和0%~2%NaCleq，成矿流体由早阶段的中温低盐度热液体系向晚阶段的低温低盐度热液体系演化。石英- 硫化物（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）阶段流体气相成分以H 2O、CO 2为主，含少量的H 2S、N 2、C 2H 6、CH 4、CO、H 2等，液相成分中金属阳离子以Na+为主，阴离子以SO 42-、Cl-为主；碳酸盐阶段成矿流体中多数离子含量较早阶段出现了降低。H- O同位素研究结果表明：第Ⅰ阶段至第Ⅲ阶段的成矿流体δ18O 水分别为3. 8‰~11. 9‰（均值7. 7‰）、3. 3‰~8. 2‰（均值5. 2‰）、1. 2‰，相应的δD分别为-96‰~-72‰（均值-84‰）、-98‰~-67‰（均值-87‰）、-90‰，早阶段成矿流体与岩浆热液特征相似，随着成矿作用的进行，大气降水出现一定程度的混入；萑香洼金矿δ34S的值介于-24. 2‰~0. 6‰，其中成矿早阶段未分馏的δ34S的值主要在0值附近，认为萑香洼金矿硫源与早白垩世岩浆- 热液系统或幔源流体相关，二者或参与成矿。萑香洼金矿为早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄、伸展环境下形成的“克拉通破坏型金矿床”。     

煤成油地球化学研究现状与展望

重点评述与煤成油理论及勘探实践有密切关系、并在近几年取得重要进展的煤成烃演化模式、煤的生油能力及排油研究3方面的问题。指出：石油地质化学家已更深刻地认识到了煤成烃模式、阶段因地而异的复杂性;建立判别煤系源岩生油能力的标准是煤成油研究中最为重要的进展之一,其中以依据总生烃潜量（S1+S2）、氯仿沥青“A”和总烃含量与有机碳的相关关系建立的判别方案比较实用和有效;比较系统地评述了（与工业性煤成油气聚集有重要关系的）煤成烃排出问题的4种主要研究方法。进展、存在的问题和分歧。在此基础上,展望了对指导煤成油勘探有重要意义的煤系源岩的分布预测、倾油性的进一步判识及排出问题定量研究的发展趋势。     

努和廷式铀矿床地质特征及其油气水与铀成矿作用探讨

本文应用有机地球化学原理探索油气水与铀矿化的关系，并总结了“努和廷式”铀矿床的地质特征和成矿机理。“努和廷式”铀矿床产于中新生代陆相盆地油气田的顶部或边部，矿床规模巨大。铀矿床形成与油气田中油气水渗漏所造成的地球化学环境及物质参与有关。据此提出“以油找铀”的找矿思路。