Distribution of Mid-deeply Buried Sand-bodies and their Hydrocarbon Significance at Basin Margins: Case Study of the Paleogene in the Eastern Liuzan Area of the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The current research aims to unlock the temporal and spatial distribution of sand-bodies and their relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the mid-deep layer of basin margins, located in the eastern part of the Liuzan area of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Through this study, the main target interval of the area was divided into two fourth-order sequences. The lean sand mixed sedimentary belt with great importance in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation was identified through the comprehensive use of 3D seismic data, logging data, lithological data and seismic inversion data. A detailed analysis of sand-body development characteristics and their role in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation was conducted. The results reveal that the study area mainly develops two distinct fan-delta lobes from the NE-trending sediment supply direction. Due to the relatively high influence of the lacustrine transgression event, the scale of the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt within the SQ1-1 (the lacustrine transgressive systems tract) is relatively small, showing a relatively continuous distribution of sand bodies in the plane. Conversely, due to the relatively high impact of the lacustrine regression event, the scale of the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt developed within the SQ1-2 (the highstand systems tract) is relatively large, the two east sets of fan-delta sedimentary systems being clearly separated. The lean sand mixed sedimentary belt formed a good lateral occlusion belt in favor of hydrocarbon accumulation. Through composite analysis of structural interpretation results, sand-body distribution and well test data, it is evident that the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt located in the structural high is not a favorable zone for hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast, the wing of the high part of the structure is the zone of sand-bearing bodies and is a favorable zone of hydrocarbon accumulation.     

松辽盆地西部斜坡区上二叠统林西组生烃潜力评价——来自吉白地2井的证据

对松辽盆地西部斜坡区中部吉白地2井上二叠统林西组的烃源岩发育特征及有机地球化学特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,该区上二叠统林西组暗色泥岩、板岩发育,单层最大厚度为29 m,累计厚度达138.42 m.有机碳含量为0.01%~2.10%,平均为0.62%,整体为中等烃源岩范畴,有机质丰度较高.应用干酪根碳同位素、干酪根元素法综合分析,判断其有机质类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,部分为Ⅲ型干酪根.镜质组反射率与伊利石结晶度分析表明烃源岩热演化达到高成熟-过成熟阶段,整体处于成岩作用阶段.综合评价认为该区上二叠统林西组具备一定的生烃潜力,且以生气为主,具有一定的页岩气资源前景.     

南黄海盆地中部隆起中—古生界海相油气多期成藏——来自CSDP-2井的勘探启示

大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井不仅完成了南黄海盆地中部隆起的首次钻探,也创造了陆架区2 843.18 m的全取心深钻记录。在CSDP-2井钻遇的三叠系青龙组（T₁q）,二叠系大隆组（P₃d）、龙潭组（P_2-3l）、孤峰组（P₂g）、栖霞组（P₁q）和志留系坟头组（S₁f）等多层段岩心中探获了多类型、多级别的油气显示,且二叠系3个油砂样品表明该区曾经历过大规模的油气运聚过程。地球化学分析、油源对比结果表明：1^#油砂和2^#油砂层段均表现出"近源成藏"的特征,其中大隆组1^#油砂中的原油与大隆组、龙潭组上段泥岩的亲缘关系明显,龙潭组2^#油砂中的原油与龙潭组下段、孤峰组和栖霞组烃源岩具有更好的亲缘关系;3^#油砂中的原油成熟度明显偏低,推测其可能来自两侧坳陷区的白垩系、古近系烃源岩;盆地模拟和含烃流体包裹体测温相互印证,明确了CSDP-2井揭露的四套烃源岩与三套储集层之间存在着"接力式"生烃和"波浪式"充注的多期成藏特征,同时得益于三套盖层的良好封盖,彰显了研究区较为广阔的海相油气勘探前景。     

塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系油气充注过程分析

综合油气地球化学、流体包裹体和构造演化资料,对塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系不同断裂带油气性质差异性、成藏期次及油气充注过程进行研究。地球化学分析表明,顺北地区不同断裂带油气物性和成熟度存在差异,由西向东从7号断裂带向1号断裂带原油密度变小,西部的7号带和5号带北段油气成熟度低,5号带南段和1号带油气成熟度高。包裹体分析结果表明,顺北地区奥陶系油气藏存在加里东晚期、海西晚期及喜马拉雅期多期油气充注过程。自西向东不同断裂带上主成藏期存在差异,西部的7号及5号断裂带油气成藏期为加里东晚期和海西晚期,东部的顺北1号断裂带多了一个晚期油气成藏即喜马拉雅期成藏。顺北地区多期油气充注成藏是导致该区油气成熟度变化的主要原因。研究区奥陶系成藏期古构造对断裂带的油气充注具有控制作用。加里东晚期,研究区走滑断裂带构造均处于充注有利区;海西晚期,顺北11号断裂带及其以西地区充注来自东部满加尔的油气概率较低。喜马拉雅期,仅顺北1号断裂带及其以东获得高熟油气充注。     

叠合型不整合结构与油气分布样式：以塔中石炭系东河砂岩为例

探讨了东河砂岩三级层序界面处发育的不整合结构在空间上有序分布所造成油气的差异运聚。将东河砂岩划分为底部不整合上覆层、原状输导层、风化残余层、风化黏土层、顶部不整合上覆层和区域盖层6类成藏结构单元。成藏结构单元在塔中西北地区和塔中东南地区组成不同,构成两类7种不整合成藏结构样式。两类成藏结构样式分别对应两类的油气藏组合:(1)在塔中地区西北部成藏结构单元被分隔,油气沿东河砂岩段顶部风化黏土层及盖层底部发生运移,形成不整合遮挡型油气藏组合,包括不整合上覆层背斜油气藏、不整合上覆层岩性油气藏和风化残余层低幅背斜油气藏3种油气藏;(2)在东南地区成藏结构单元之间发生连通,油气底部不整合上覆层和盖层底部向隆起部位侧向输导,形成不整合连通型油气藏组合,包括连通型背斜油气藏和连通型地层超覆油气藏2种油气藏。这为东河砂岩的进一步勘探开发提供了指导。     

Evolution of Tectonic Uplift, Hydrocarbon Migration, and Uranium Mineralization in the NW Junggar Basin: An Apatite Fission-Track Thermochronology Study

The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic movement largely controls the northwest region of the Junggar Basin (NWJB), which is a significant area for the exploration of petroleum and sandstone-type uranium deposits in China. This work collected six samples from this sedimentary basin and surrounding mountains to conduct apatite fission track (AFT) dating, and utilized the dating results for thermochronological modeling to reconstruct the uplift history of the NWJB and its response to hydrocarbon migration and uranium mineralization. The results indicate that a single continuous uplift event has occurred since the Early Cretaceous, showing spatiotemporal variation in the uplift and exhumation patterns throughout the NWJB. Uplift and exhumation initiated in the northwest and then proceeded to the southeast, suggesting that the fault system induced a post spread-thrust nappe into the basin during the Late Yanshanian. Modeling results indicate that the NWJB mountains have undergone three distinct stages of rapid cooling: Early Cretaceous (ca. 140–115 Ma), Late Cretaceous (ca. 80–60 Ma), and Miocene–present (since ca. 20 Ma). These three stages regionally correspond to the Lhasa-Eurasian collision during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (ca. 140–125 Ma), the Lhasa-Gandise collision during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 80–70 Ma), and a remote response to the India-Asian collision since ca. 55 Ma, respectively. These tectonic events also resulted in several regional unconformities between the J3/K1, K2/E, and E/N, and three large-scale hydrocarbon injection events in the Piedmont Thrust Belt (PTB). Particularly, the hydrocarbon charge event during the Early Cretaceous resulted in the initial inundation and protection of paleo-uranium ore bodies that were formed during the Middle–Late Jurassic. The uplift and denudation of the PTB was extremely slow from 40 Ma onward due to a slight influence from the Himalayan orogeny. However, the uplift of the PTB was faster after the Miocene, which led to re-uplift and exposure at the surface during the Quaternary, resulting in its oxidation and the formation of small uranium ore bodies.     

琼东南盆地深水区泥-流体底辟发育特征与天然气成藏

琼东南盆地深水区发育泥-流体底辟构造,为油气垂向运移提供通道。文章基于琼东南区域构造与沉积演化认识,利用高精度三维地震资料,对深水区底辟构造进行了系统研究,识别出了底辟的分布范围,并分析了其发育机制以及对天然气成藏的控制作用。琼东南盆地深水区底辟主要发育在乐东—陵水凹陷结合部的陵南斜坡带及凸起之上,向凹陷中心规模逐渐减小。新近纪时期盆地快速沉降和生烃作用共同导致了深部异常高压的存在,其为底辟发育提供了原始的驱动力;陵南斜坡带古近纪发育的断裂为区域内的构造薄弱带,且在新近系发生活化为异常高压释放提供突破口,进而导致了底辟的形成,即底辟形成时间为新构造运动时期。底辟构造可沟通崖城组烃源岩及黄流组、莺歌海组储集体,是深水西区油气垂向运移的主要通道,控制了天然气藏的分布。根据底辟构造与烃源、储层的配置关系,提出了陵南斜坡带和松南低凸起区是深水区下步勘探的重点区带。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘深部烃类流体与表生氧化流体叠合铀成矿作用

为查明准噶尔盆地西北缘中、下侏罗统砂岩铀矿化成因及其与烃类流体间的关系。通过对目的层油砂提取物碳同位素和Re-Os同位素测试,得出目的层中的烃类主要是深部油气藏在晚侏罗世-早白垩世时期(155±51 Ma)遭受构造破坏逸散后充注的,初始来源于玛湖坳陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩。结合野外地质调查、岩心宏观及镜下微观鉴定,得出目的层砂岩在烃类流体充注前后分别遭受过后生氧化作用。前期古氧化作用程度强,发育赤铁矿化,成矿潜力大;而后期氧化为近现代氧化,强度偏弱,以褐铁矿化为主,时代新,成矿规模小。最终,建立了该区中、下侏罗统砂岩烃类流体还原与后生氧化耦合的四阶段铀成矿模式:(1)八道湾组-西山窑组期间为原生还原性含矿建造形成期;(2)头屯河组-齐古组期间为古层间氧化带及其古铀矿床形成期;(3)齐古组晚期-新近纪末为烃类流体充注还原与泥岩超覆掩盖期;(4)第四纪以来为近现代层间氧化带及其铀矿体形成期。该模式的提出对含油气盆地内砂岩型铀矿找矿具有指导意义。     

Geometry,distribution and fill of erosional scours in a heterolithic,distal lower shoreface sandstone reservoir analogue: Grassy Member,Blackhawk Formation,Book Cliffs,Utah, USA

Many shoreface sandstone reservoirs host significant hydrocarbon volumes within distal intervals of interbedded sandstones and mudstones. Hydrocarbon production from these reservoir intervals depends on the abundance and proportion of sandstone beds that are connected by erosional scours, and on the lateral extent and continuity of interbedded mudstones. Cliff‐face exposures of the Campanian ‘G2’ parasequence, Grassy Member, Blackhawk Formation in the Book Cliffs of east‐central Utah, USA , allow detailed characterization of 128 erosional scours within such interbedded sandstones and mudstones in a volume of 148 m length, 94 m width and 15 m height. The erosional scours have depths of up to 1·1 m, apparent widths of up to 15·1 m and steep sides (up to 35°) that strike approximately perpendicular (N099 ± 36°) to the local north–south palaeoshoreline trend. The scours have limited lateral continuity along strike and down dip, and a relatively narrow range of apparent aspect ratio (apparent width/depth), implying that their three‐dimensional geometry is similar to non‐channelized pot casts. There is no systematic variation in scour dimensions, but ‘scour density’ is greater in amalgamated (conjoined) sandstone beds over 0·5 m thick, and increases upward within vertical successions of upward‐thickening conjoined sandstone beds. There is no apparent organization of the overall lateral distribution of scours, although localized clustering implies that some scours were re‐occupied during multiple erosional events. Scour occurrence is also associated with locally increased amplitude and laminaset thickness of hummocky cross‐stratification in sandstone beds. The geometry, distribution and infill character of the scours imply that they were formed by storm‐generated currents coincident with riverine sediment influx (‘storm floods’). The erosional scours increase the vertical and lateral connectivity of conjoined sandstone beds in the upper part of upward‐thickening sandstone bed successions, resulting in increased effective vertical and horizontal permeability of such intervals.     

二连盆地马尼特坳陷伊和勘查区二叠系油气信息及其意义

在总结二连盆地马尼特坳陷伊和勘查区钻遇地层与烃源岩发育特征的基础上,通过对揭示二叠系的钻井油气显示与油气层测试情况,以及对不同井区原油物性与地球化学特征的分析,认为YH3井天然气、YH8井区轻质原油与中生界烃源岩无关,探讨了与石炭系—二叠系烃源岩有关的油气赋存信息,为二连盆地石炭系—二叠系油气地质调查与勘探提供重要信息。