基于改进的遗传算法边坡稳定性分析方法及其应用

在遗传算法和瑞典条分法的基础上,提出了对边坡临界滑裂面的搜索方法及其最小安全系数的求解方法.文中利用安全系数的倒数作为目标函数,可行域根据实际边坡的尺寸和经验给出,而且在计算过程中根据目标函数值进行调节,逐步缩小搜索空间,使搜索效率提高.算法中利用了十进制遗传算法的改进操作优体克隆操作和子体优生操作,提高了搜索的速度和精度.     

基于物理造波和主动消波的黏性数值波浪水槽开发

基于推板造波理论和摇板造波理论,在Open FOAM平台上采用重叠网格技术建立黏性数值波浪水槽,并使用一种结合SIMPLE算法和PISO算法的PIMPLE算法对数值模型进行求解。利用开发的数值模型通过数值收敛性测试和网格独立性测试分别重点研究了时间步长、库朗数和网格尺寸对数值精度和计算效率的影响。并对比研究了此数值模型分别嵌入层流模型和湍流模型的计算精度和计算效率。实现的规则波和二阶有限振幅波与理论结果和试验结果吻合,验证了此黏性数值波浪水槽的造波和主动消波功能。基于二维数值波浪水槽,进一步研究了三维数值造波,数值计算结果与理论结果吻合良好。研究结果不仅验证了重叠网格在二维和三维两相流体域中求解运动物体与流场交互的可靠性和正确性,而且为使用此黏性数值波浪水槽解决更复杂的海洋工程问题提供了依据。     

Optimization design on the riser system of next generation subsea production system with the assistance of DOE and surrogate model techniques

The Next Generation Subsea Production System (NextGen SPS) is a new concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water (UDW) areas. It can improve the structural performance of riser as well as provide several operational benefits to subsurface well completion (SWC) equipment. The design of NextGen SPS’s riser system which includes rigid riser and flexible jumper—like the free standing hybrid riser (FSHR), is a very important issue for the definition of NextGen SPS. This paper details an optimization design on the NextGen SPS’s riser system, with the assistance of the design of experiments (DOE) and surrogate model techniques. The optimization model pertaining to riser system is formulated firstly. The DOE is a statistical technique that guides a sensitive study on the behavior of the riser system before the optimization analysis. Structural responses are obtained by the fully coupled methodology. Through such a preliminary study, the effective contribution of each design variable at the riser performance will be known and some general conclusive remarks will be obtained. Based on the DOE results, design variables are screened to improve the efficiency of optimization process. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed to conduct the optimization analysis. In this analysis, surrogate models, which are developed by back propagation neural network (BPNN), replace the time consuming dynamic analysis to predict structural responses. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is adopted to generate training sample and testing sample for the BPNN. NextGen SPS that operates at a depth of 3000 m is used as the case for this investigation. The efficiency of optimization design is improved by DOE and surrogate techniques, and a reduction of approximately 46% for the riser system cost is achieved. The obtained conclusions have applicability in reference to the engineering design of FSHR and the study procedure will provide reference for study on other new structure concept.     

Long waves dissipation and harmonic generation by coastal vegetation

In this paper, we study the harmonic generation and energy dissipation as water waves propagating through coastal vegetation. Applying the homogenization theory, linear wave models have been developed for a heterogeneous coastal forest in previous works (e.g. [17], [10], [11]). In this study, the weakly nonlinear effects are investigated. The coastal forest is modeled by an array of rigid and vertically surface-piercing cylinders. Assuming monochromatic waves with weak nonlinearity incident upon the forest, higher harmonic waves are expected to be generated and radiated into open water. Using the multi-scale perturbation theory, micro-scale flows in the vicinity of cylinders and macro-scale wave dynamics are separated. Expressing the unknown variables (e.g. velocity, free surface elevation) as a superposition of different harmonic components, the governing equations for each mode are derived while different harmonics are interacting with each other because of nonlinearity in the cell problem. Different from the linear models, the leading-order cell problem for micro-scale flow motion, driven by the macro-scale pressure gradient, is now a nonlinear boundary-value-problem, while the wavelength-scale problem for wave dynamics remains linear. A modified pressure correction method is employed to solve the nonlinear cell problem. An iterative scheme is introduced to connect the micro-scale and macro-scale problems. To demonstrate the theoretical results, we consider incident waves scattered by a homogeneous forest belt in a constant shallow depth. Higher harmonic waves are generated within the cylinder array and radiated out to the open water region. The comparisons of numerical results obtained by linear and nonlinear models are presented and the behavior of different harmonic components is discussed. The effects of different physical parameters on wave solutions are discussed as well.     

海上风电场基础结构设计综述

针对我国海上风电场开发建设的现状和发展趋势,结合海上风电场基础结构设计研发现状和存在的问题,探讨海上风电场基础结构设计的关键问题——设计理念、设计方法和设计标准等,分析海上风电场基础结构的结构、荷载和服役特点,分析海上风电场基础结构与水工结构和海洋石油平台设计的异同。并根据海上风电和海洋石油的行业特点,分析API规范和DNV规范对于海上风电场基础结构设计的适用性,阐述了海上风电场基础结构设计的特殊性、荷载取值和参考标准等问题。基于我国海洋工程技术发展水平和海上风电产业的发展趋势,提出发展适合我国国情的海上风电场基础结构型式及设计,指出我国海上风电产业发展应注意和避免发生的问题。     

珠江口盆地花岗岩成因探讨及其对油气资源指示 意义

珠江口盆地燕山期花岗岩地球化学、地球物理等特征分析表明,其形成缘于中生代太平洋板块向华南大陆的俯冲,并引起华南大陆边缘岩石圈等温面上隆及上地壳硅铝质岩石的多次重熔。花岗岩层形成后的区域性剥蚀作用导致盆地隆起部位花岗岩穹窿和背斜的形成;此后,新生代沉积物覆盖在花岗岩背斜和穹窿之上并形成披覆背斜,该类构造为珠江口盆地重要的含油气构造类型。在中生代时,东沙隆起及其以北具有高地温场,花岗岩发育的特点;南部坳陷带则表现低地温场和中生代沉积等特点。中生代烃源岩演化程度相对较低,它在新生代时期具备二次生烃的可能性。     

微生物改造有机质不同演化阶段油气的生成

石油是生物地质作用的产物,沉积物中有机质的组成和结构影响着石油天然气的生成。微生物改造有机质形成石油、天然气具有明显的阶段性:1)易溶于水的有机质和分子量小、成分简单的化合物优先参与到成油中形成低熟油。2)成熟油的有机母质主要为来自水生生物、藻类的脂肪和蛋白质,其次为来自陆源有机质中的碳水化合物脂肪分解菌、蛋白质分解菌、产氢菌等;脂肪酸初始阶段不溶于水,只有当环境中不存在占优势的其他碳源物质时,微生物才能利用和分解脂类进行生长。3)高演化阶段生存着大量的嗜热、超嗜热产甲烷菌,来自于陆源植物的纤维素、木质素、高分子聚合物等许多在成熟阶段难以降解的有机质在高演化阶段可以发生降解。成油过程要经过降解有机质、去除含氧基团、产氢菌产氢、耗氢菌用氢等过程,较成气过程更为复杂。     

Response to selection for fast growth in the second generation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Mass selection for fast growth was conducted in three Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) stocks from China, Japan and Korea using previously established lines (CS1, JS1, and KS1). To determine whether continuous progress can be achieved by selection for growth, the progeny of three second-generation Pacific oyster lines was selected for shell height and evaluated via a 400-day farming experiment. When harvested at the end of the experiment, the selected crosses of CS2, JS2, and KS2 lines grew by 9.2%, 10.2% and 9.6% larger than the control crosses, respectively. During grow-out stage, the genetic gain of three selected lines was (10.2 ± 1.4)%, (10.4 ± 0.3)%, and (8.4 ± 1.6)%, respectively; and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.457 ± 0.143, 0.312 ± 0.071 and 0.332 ± 0.009, respectively. These results indicated that the selection for fast growth achieved steady progress in the second generation of oyster. Our work provides supportive evidence for the continuity of the Pacific oyster selective breeding program.     

基于事件通知服务的雷达产品生成系统的数据分发改进

雷达观测数据有回波强度、径向速度、速度谱宽及偏振参量等多种基数据,不同气象算法任务模块需要输入的基数据不尽相同,需要对其进行按需发送。针对事件通道和任务模块间存在大量不必要的通信,根据分布式雷达产品生成系统实时数据传输和松散的数据驱动通信模型的需要,结合CORBA命名服务和通知服务的特性,提出一个基于通知服务的实时数据传输模式。分布式雷达产品生成系统的数据流的基础由标准CORBA通知服务的核心部件构成,通过命名服务绑定算法任务名和对象引用。该模式提供了过滤机制,这种机制通过在事件提供者和消费者任务子模块之间高效的路由事件来支持松散的数据驱动的通信。