藏北多龙矿集区荣那斑岩铜矿找矿突破的实践

荣那铜矿是中铝矿产资源有限公司近年在斑岩型铜矿找矿方面取得的一项重大突破。矿床产于班公湖—怒江缝合带北侧岛弧带中。公司在找矿初期重视基础地质研究,加强对地调和矿调成果的二次解剖,借鉴国内外斑岩铜矿区域分布规律,结合1∶5万磁法异常,明确多龙矿集区重点找矿方向;根据前期勘查成果,结合1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,确定荣那、拿若为重点验证区。通过总结国外斑岩铜矿蚀变模式、矿化模式和勘查模式,选择有效的激电勘查方法圈定重点验证地段。结合隐伏斑岩体系矿化中心为中低阻、负磁异常、中等极化率,外围发育黄铁矿化壳形成近似环状中高阻、正磁异常、中高极化率异常,最终确定外围正磁、中高极化环形异常系荣那矿床与青磐岩化带有关的黄铁矿化壳引起,负磁、中等极化率异常为矿化中心部位,通过选择合理网度进行钻探验证实现找矿突破。荣那矿床勘查过程中的理论思考,区域-矿田物化探异常的综合分析、有效方法的投入和验证工程的部署充分体现了科学研究与生产的有机结合。     

Mapping rice-fallow cropland areas for short-season grain legumes intensification in South Asia using MODIS 250 m time-series data

The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia, using MODIS 250?m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow period. Rice-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season (June–October), followed by a fallow during the rabi season (November–February). These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs, but are suitable for a short -season (≤3 months), low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), black gram, green gram, and lentils. Intensification (double-cropping) in this manner can improve smallholder farmer’s incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand croplands. Several grain legumes, primarily chickpea, are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the region. The suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers: (a) rice crop is grown during the primary (kharif) crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season (June–October); (b) same croplands are left fallow during the second (rabi) season or during the south-east monsoon season (November–February); and (c) ability to support low water-consuming, short-growing season (≤3 months) grain legumes (chickpea, black gram, green gram, and lentils) during rabi season. Existing irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season, because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too high. The study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 250?m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series for one year (June 2010–May 2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, using spectral matching techniques (SMTs), and extensive field knowledge. Map accuracy was evaluated based on independent ground survey data as well as compared with available sub-national level statistics. The producers’ and users’ accuracies of the cropland fallow classes were between 75% and 82%. The overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient estimated for rice classes were 82% and 0.79, respectively. The analysis estimated approximately 22.3?Mha of suitable rice-fallow areas in South Asia, with 88.3% in India, 0.5% in Pakistan, 1.1% in Sri Lanka, 8.7% in Bangladesh, 1.4% in Nepal, and 0.02% in Bhutan. Decision-makers can target these areas for sustainable intensification of short-duration grain legumes.     

提高无定向导线可靠性的新方法

当在孤立点间进行控制点加密时可选择布设成无定向导线。无定向导线的粗差主要来源于孤立点的粗差、观测量的粗差和计算的粗差。孤立点粗差或计算粗差会在全长相对闭合差中表现出来,但若因孤立点本身有粗差而不加检核地被利用则会浪费大量的时间和人力,影响工程进度,即便孤立点和计算没有粗差,且相对闭合差在允许范围内,还是会出现观测量含有粗差的情况。目前,测绘专业对提高孤立点的可靠性都未提出实质性的解决方案,提高无定向导线观测量和计算的可靠性不够全面或工作量较大。本文提出通过增设"通视点"的方法,只需在增加较小工作量的情况下提高无定向导线粗差所有主要来源的可靠性,具有较大的实用价值。     

TLS地形测绘技术的现状与展望

近年来,TLS(地面三维激光扫描)技术越来越多地应用于地形测绘。本文简要介绍了TLS技术在国内外的发展,主要从五个方面总结我国利用TLS技术进行大比例尺地形测绘的应用研究现状,并探讨当前TLS地形测绘技术亟待解决的问题。     

基于遥感技术的汪清县森林资源动态监测研究与实践

以吉林省汪清县为研究区,根据地理国情普查成果应用及监测工作通知要求,探讨了遥感技术在汪清县森林资源监测应用上的主要内容和方法。利用吉林省地理国情普查、基础测绘成果数据,结合Landsat、SPOT、ALOS等卫星影像数据,进行汪清县土地覆盖信息提取及动态监测、森林类型提取及动态监测、植被覆盖度提取及动态监测、森林参数模型反演及动态监测、驱动因子选取等内容进行了详细地说明,同时,针对汪清县森林资源各项的动态变化情况进行了驱动力分析。     

广东西江流域地名调查工作特点与实例分析

地名调查工作涉及地域划分,地理空间,语言文化,历史文化等方面,运用"3S"技术,结合当地语言文化开展此项工作,能提高调查工作效率和准确度,有利于对存在尚未掌握的地理实体及地名信息的判断、界定和甄别。通过广东郁南县地名调查工作实例,探讨在"3S"技术背景下,根据具有地域性文化特征地区的地名调查工作所呈现的新问题、新特点,可作范例为粤语地区的地名调查提供可操作性建议。     

基于水平传感器-光纤陀螺-全站仪组合的地籍测量新方法

针对全站仪测量技术存在作业周期长、劳动强度大和受观测环境影响严重等不足,本文将光纤陀螺寻北技术、倾角测量技术应用于地籍测量中,降低了地籍测量对控制点及水平度的依赖,有效地提高了测量效率,推导了全站仪在倾斜状态下界址点测量和定向的计算公式。结合全站仪可水平旋转180°的特点,给出了光纤陀螺安装误差自补偿的操作步骤;对影响定向精度的主要误差源进行仿真分析,结果表明:光纤陀螺精度与水平传感器精度对定向精度影响较大,在光纤陀螺精度为0.05°/h情况下,当倾角测量误差为1'时,定向误差为26.51″。     

基于注册测绘师的高职工程测量专业教学改革研究

注册测绘师制度的推行,对我国测绘行业人员提出了更高要求,为了适应新形势下国家对测绘人才培养的需求,高职工程测量专业进行教学改革迫在眉睫。从注册测绘师所要求的知识结构和专业能力入手分析,探讨了工程测量专业课程体系、实践教学、师资队伍、教学方法与手段、学生考核评价方式以及校企合作方式的教学改革,为高职工程测量人才培养提供了保障。     

浅论航空摄影测量中利用CORS测量像片控制点

利用CORS进行像片控制测量,与传统像片控制测量方法比较,有效地提高了像片控制测量的精度、效率,节约了测量成本,本文以大庆油田地区航空摄影测量项目为例,介绍采用CORS系统进行像片控制测量的方法及精度分析。     

基于倾斜摄影技术在农村房屋权籍调查测量中的应用

介绍了基于无人机倾斜摄影系统,快速实现真实三维自动建模并利用三维模型进行立体量测的技术流程和作业方法。利用上述技术在农村房屋权籍调查测量中进行了应用探索,为突破以往只能依靠野外实地测量提供了另外一种高效的解决方案。