水压式凿岩破碎冲击器的研究

水压式凿岩破碎冲击器与液动冲击器的工作机理有着本质的区别,它有着很高的工作效率和能量转换率,凿岩速度大大高于气动潜孔锤,但这种水压冲击器不适合泥浆驱动。转阀式水压冲击器的配流不同于以往的配流方式,可能更适合泥浆介质驱动。     

水文地质参数计算方法探讨

阐述了水文地质参数的重要性,及其发展和尚需完善的方面。推出可以解决基岩裂隙、溶隙含水层坐标距离与水力距离不一致问题的导水系数计算方法。该方法的特点是简捷,能较直观地判别含水层主要水文地质参数的大小,具有很高的可靠性。     

浅谈液动冲击锤施工工艺在硬岩层中的应用

在河南禹州煤田景家洼矿区勘探中,遇到一层约90米左右的长石石英砂岩(俗称平顶山砂岩),钻进效率低,材料消耗大,通过ZK—09孔改用冲击回转钻进,取得了较好效果,介绍在硬岩层运用多工艺技术的施工方法。     

谈液动冲击回转钻进技术在破碎岩层中运用

简要说明液动冲击回转钻进是一项投资少,见效快的先进适用的钻探技术,可大幅度提高钻探效率和经济效益,增加回次长度和岩矿芯采取率,并能减少孔内事故。     

一种测定非饱和土-水力学参数的方法

详细介绍了非饱和土-水力学参数联合测试系统,该系统分别利用轴平移技术和达西定律测定非饱和土土-水特征曲线和水相渗透系数。通过试验结果对比可以发现,由联合测试系统确定土-水特征曲线与压力板仪溢出水校正称量法确定的土-水特征曲线接近,但由联合测试系统确定的试样残余含水率比使用压力板仪溢出水校正称量法确定的试样含水率要小;由联合测试系统确定的渗透函数,当饱和度较大时,实测值与模型预测值较为接近;当饱和度较小时,实测值与模型预测值相差较大。     

大理岩弹塑性耦合特性试验研究

大量研究表明,岩石经历塑性变形时其弹性参数会发生变化,即存在弹塑性耦合现象。为了研究岩石的弹塑性耦合特性,进行了两种大理岩的循环加、卸载试验。试验结果表明:与常规试验对比,循环加、卸载试验对岩石的变形、强度及破坏形态影响较小;弹性参数随塑性变形的变化显著,考虑弹塑性耦合时,弹性参数取体积模量和剪切模量更为合适;基于Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,计算得到了强度参数,即黏聚力和内摩擦角随塑性内变量的演化规律。所得结论将为岩石弹塑性耦合本构模型的建立提供基本的试验支持。     

Turbidite system architecture and sedimentary processes along topographically complex slopes: the Makran convergent margin

This study investigates the morphology and Late Quaternary sediment distribution of the Makran turbidite system (Makran subduction zone, north‐west Indian Ocean) from a nearly complete subsurface mapping of the Oman basin, two‐dimensional seismic and a large set of coring data in order to characterize turbidite system architecture across an active (fold and thrust belt) margin. The Makran turbidite system is composed of a dense network of canyons, which cut into high relief accreted ridges and intra‐slope piggyback basins, forming at some locations connected and variably tortuous paths down complex slopes. Turbidite activity and trench filling rates are high even during the Holocene sea‐level highstand conditions. In particular, basin‐wide, sheet‐like thick mud turbidites, probably related to major mass wasting events of low recurrence time, drape the flat and unchannellized Oman abyssal plain. Longitudinal depth profiles show that the Makran canyons are highly disrupted by numerous thrust‐related large‐scale knickpoints (with gradients up to 20° and walls up to 500 m high). At the deformation front, the strong break of slope can lead to the formation of canyon‐mouth ‘plunge pools’ of variable shapes and sizes. The plunge pools observed in the western Makran are considerably larger than those previously described in sub‐surface successions; the first insights into their internal architecture and sedimentary processes are presented here. Large plunge pools in the western Makran are associated with large scoured areas at the slope break and enhanced sediment deposition downstream: high‐amplitude reflectors are observed inside the plunge pools, while their flanks are composed of thin‐bedded, fine‐grained turbidites deposited by the uppermost part of the turbidity flows. Thus, these architectural elements are associated with strong sediment segregation leading to specific trench‐fill mechanisms, as only the finer‐grained component of the flows is transferred to the abyssal plain. However, the Makran accretionary prism is characterized by strong along‐strike variability in tectonics and fluvial input distribution that might directly influence the turbidite system architecture (i.e. canyon entrenchment, plunge pool formation or channel development at canyon mouths), the sedimentary dynamics and the resulting sediment distribution. Channel formation in the abyssal plain and trench‐fill characteristics depend on the theoretical ‘equilibrium’ conditions of the feeder system, which is related closely to the balance between erosion rates and tectonic regime. Thus, the Makran turbidite system constitutes an excellent modern analogue for deep‐water sedimentary systems with structurally complex depocentres, in convergent margin settings.     

A modified multiple tension upward infiltration method to estimate the soil hydraulic properties

Determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity, K_s, and the shape parameters α and n of the water retention curve, θ(h), is of paramount importance to characterize the water flow in the vadose zone. This work presents a modified upward infiltration method to estimate K_s, α and n from numerical inverse analysis of the measured cumulative upward infiltration (CUI) at multiple constant tension lower boundary conditions. Using the HYDRUS‐2D software, a theoretical analysis on a synthetic loam soil under different soil tensions (0, 0–10, 0–50 and 0–100 cm), with and without an overpressure step of 10 cm high from the top boundary condition at the end of the upward infiltration process, was performed to check the uniqueness and the accuracy of the solutions. Using a tension sorptivimeter device, the method was validated in a laboratory experiment on five different soils: a coarse and a fine sand, and a 1‐mm sieved loam, clay loam and silt‐gypseous soils. The estimated α and n parameters were compared to the corresponding values measured with the TDR‐pressure cell method. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that K_s and θ(h) can be simultaneously estimated from measured upward cumulative infiltration when high (>50 cm) soil tensions are initially applied at the lower boundary. Alternatively, satisfactory results can be also obtained when medium tensions (<50 cm) and the K_s calculated from the overpressure step at the end of the experiment are considered. A consistent relationship was found between the α (R² = 0.86, p < 0.02) and n (R² = 0.97, p < 0.001) values measured with the TDR‐pressure cell and the corresponding values estimated with the tension sorptivimeter. The error between the α (in logarithm scale) and n values estimated with the inverse analysis and the corresponding values measured with pressure chamber were 3.1 and 6.1%, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation of infiltration from porous clay pipe in subsurface irrigation

Abstract

Advances in the traditional method of subsurface porous clay pipe irrigation rely on knowledge of the distribution of water in the soil. Knowing the relationships among the hydraulic and physical parameters in the system is important for both the design and management of the system. To simulate the infiltration from the porous clay pipe and predict the wetted zone geometry in the soil, a computer model is developed herein. Laboratory experiments were conducted on soil samples representing two different soil textures in a specially designed bin to understand the flow phenomenon and to validate the developed model. In a given soil texture, the installation depth of the pipe and the volume of water applied in the soil are the major factors affecting the wetted zone. The relationships among various parameters, namely lateral spacing, installation depth, irrigation run time, hydraulic conductivity of the body of the pipe, and hydraulic head in the system, were established using the developed model.     

位图拼接技术在批量图形处理中的应用

作者在文中介绍如何使用Windows位图拼接技术处理大批量的图形实现商业图片的包装，以及利用第三方类库ImageObject在VisualC 6.0中实现不同类型的图形文件的拼接。