Application of Stochastic Fracture Network with Numerical Fluid Flow Simulations to Groundwater Flow Modeling in Fractured Rocks

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Short-term and imminent anomalies of earthquake of load and unload response ratio of the well level to earth tides

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海潮负荷潮的研究

本文讨论海水质量守恒改正和等潮图的差异对计算负荷效应的影响,并研制海潮主要分波的球谐模型。数值计算结果表明:在按Schwiderski全球1°×1°等潮数据计算中国大陆的海潮负荷效应时,须用我国更精细的近海潮汐资料对其进行修正,同时还应该进行海水质量守恒改正。用褶积和级数相结合的方法计算倾斜海潮负荷潮的精度为0.04ms。     

用声波参数确定岩石加载破坏过程的不同阶段

本文研究了岩石在单轴和真三轴加载的破坏过程与声波参数及动力学参数之间的关系。在单轴和三轴压缩实验中,通过测量纵横波速度和振幅的变化,有效地判断岩石加载和结构的变化情况,确定岩石加载破坏过程中的几个阶段,实现对岩石破裂前兆的预测。本文还研究了三轴压缩实验中中间主应力σ_2的改变对声波速度和振幅变化曲线的影响。     

在三轴压缩下大理岩循环加载实验的初步研究

在围压10、50、100和200MPa,应变率5×10^-5/s和室温条件下,采用山东掖县大理岩岩样,在800t高温高压伺服三轴流变仪上进行了连续加载和循环加载实验.对岩样的残余强度和弹性模量的变化等问题进行了初步研究.得出:在低围压下（<100MPa）,残余强度与超过极限强度后的循环加载次数有关;超过极限强度后加载弹性模量随着非弹性应变的增加而减小,并趋于一个极限值.在高围压下（≥100MPa）,残余强度几乎与超过极限强度后的循环加载次数无关;超过极限强度或者产生应变强化后加载弹性模量几乎不随非弹性应变的增加而减小.     

On the optimal risk based design of highway drainage structures

For a proposed highway bridge or culvert, the total cost to the public during its expected service life includes capital investment on the structures, regular operation and maintenance costs, and various flood related costs. The flood related damage costs include items such as replacement and repair costs of the highway bridge or culvert, flood plain property damage costs, users costs from traffic interruptions and detours, and others. As the design discharge increases, the required capital investment increases but the corresponding flood related damage costs decrease. Hydraulic design of a bridge or culvert using a riskbased approach is to choose among the alternatives the one associated with the least total expected cost.In this paper, the risk-based design procedure is applied to pipe culvert design. The effect of the hydrologic uncertainties such as sample size and type of flood distribution model on the optimal culvert design parameters including design return period and total expected cost are examined in this paper.     

灌木植被分布区阻力特性理论及试验研究

为探明河道灌木植被分布区阻水规律，对灌木植被主干、分枝产生的水流阻力特性及其定量特征进行研究。提出原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径确定方法，理论推导灌木植被阻力系数计算公式，并结合水槽试验建立植被阻力系数与植被水力半径为特征长度的植被雷诺数之间的关系式。研究结果表明：引入原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径使灌木植被阻力计算更为准确；植被阻力系数与植被雷诺数之间呈指数函数关系，随植被雷诺数的增加呈单调减小的趋势，与水槽试验结果吻合很好。     

生态水文学:生态需水及其与流速因素的相互作用

本文研究涉及生态水文学中生态需水问题的一般认知。探讨了生态系统动态变化与水流驱动力因素之间的关系，重点探讨水流驱动因素中的关键指标——流速，通过分析流速与生态系统相互作用，从生态水文学动力因素出发估算生态需水；基于生态流速和水力半径，提出考虑河道内生态需水与水力因素关系的生态水力半径法，充分利用水生生物信息（鱼类产卵洄游流速）与河道信息（水位、流速、糙率等）估算河道内生态需水；归纳生态水力半径法在生态需水计算中的初步应用：考虑污染物降解耦合水量水质的生态需水计算、考虑鱼类等生物对流速要求的生态需水计算、考虑河道冲淤平衡的输沙需水量计算等方面。本文提出的生态流速研究既包括生物生长发育适宜的流速，又包括流速大小变化所涉及的许多动力因素，旨在延伸与扩展生态水文学的内涵与应用。     

Performance of reinforced,DMM column-supported embankment considering reinforcement viscosity and subsoil’s decreasing hydraulic conductivity

It has been widely accepted that reinforcement made of polyethylene and polypropylene is susceptible to creep and soil’s hydraulic conductivity varies with its void ratio. However, unfortunately there is no available sensitivity analysis on time-dependent embankment behaviour taking either reinforcement viscosity or time varying hydraulic conductivity of subsoil into consideration. The influence of geosynthetic reinforcement viscosity and decreasing hydraulic conductivity with consolidation on the time-dependent performance of embankments with floating columns is investigated using a fully 3D coupled model. For an embankment at the working height corresponding to a post-consolidation polypropylene geotextile strain of about 5%, it is shown that the assumption of constant hydraulic conductivity and the failure to consider the viscous behaviour of geosynthetic reinforcement can underestimate time-dependent embankment deformations (including differential crest settlement and horizontal toe movement). The effects of factors including the foundation soil, reinforcement stiffness, column stiffness, column spacing, column type (floating and fully penetrating), and construction rate, on the time-dependent behaviour of column supported embankments are explored.