Establishment of digital model for dynamic simulation analysis on hydraulic impact perforator

Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.     

Pathways to seismic hazard evaluation: Extreme and characteristic earthquakes in areas of low and high seismicity

The general philosophy of seismic hazard evaluation described here is appropriate for selection of seismic input to regional earthquake engineering codes prior to detailed on-site inspections and geotechnical assessments. Some probabilistic seismic hazard methodologies which can be applied in areas of low and high seismicity, are briefly described to emphasise the main equations with specimen results. Three aspects of hazard assessment are explored by different pathways. These include the analysis of regional earthquake catalogues to obtain magnitude recurrence, particularly using Gumbel extreme value statistics. This is extended to assess ground shaking hazard which is usually sought by earthquake engineers. Thirdly, the concept of earthquake perceptibility is developed, leading to the identification of an earthquake magnitude or type which is characteristic of a region. This most perceptible earthquake is most likely to be felt at any site in a region and provides an earthquake selection criterion which can be used in aseismic design of noncritical structures. Because there are several methods of seismic hazard evaluation, the view is expressed that it is sensible for practical purposes to seek results from different methods or different pathways to the hazard evaluation.Paper presented at the Commission of the European Communities' School on Earthquake Hazard Evaluation, Athens, and at the 21st General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission, held in Sofia, 1988.Now at School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, University Plain, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.     

西北干旱区间歇性河流与含水层水量交换研究进展与展望

本文依托国家自然科学基金青年项目“河水温度对干旱区宽浅型河床渗透系数影响的定量研究”,并梳理了其他相关研究,总结了中国西北干旱区间歇性河流与含水层水量交换研究所面临的基础科学问题及当前所取得的研究进展。主要结论为：以宽浅型沙质河床为基本特征的西北干旱区内陆河流域下游河流,其河床每年经历数次干湿交替与冻融过程。受河水温度与河流水动力条件的影响,河床作为河流与含水层相互作用的重要界面,其渗透性能具有高度时空变异性,已成为河水与地下水水量交换研究的难点与热点。分析指出,在环境变化和当前交叉学科迅猛发展的背景下,以河流与含水层相互作用为核心的潜流带水文学发展面临新的机遇与挑战。     

The effect of aquifer heterogeneity on natural attenuation rate of BTEX

Monitored natural attenuation can be a viable option for remediation of groundwater contamination by BTEX compounds. Under the field conditions, the rate of contaminant mass attenuation through natural processes, such as biodegradation, to a large extent affected by the groundwater flow regime, which is primarily controlled by the aquifer heterogeneity. Numerical simulation techniques were used to describe quantitatively the relationship between biodegradation rate of BTEX and aquifer heterogeneity. Different levels of aquifer heterogeneity were described by random hydraulic conductivity fields (K) having different statistical parameters, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the correlation length (h). The Turning Bands Algorithm was used to generate such K fields. Visual MODFLOW/RT3D was used to simulate the fate and transport of dissolved BTEX plume within heterogeneous aquifers. The multispecies reactive transport approach described BTEX degradation using multiple terminal electron-accepting processes. First-order biodegradation rate constants were calculated from simulated BTEX plumes in heterogeneous flow fields. The results showed that aquifer heterogeneity significantly affected biodegradation rate; it decreased with increasing CV when h was in the range of up to 12 m, whereas it increased with increasing CV when h was greater than about 12 m. For well characterized aquifers, this finding could be of great value in assessing the effectiveness of natural attenuation during feasibility studies at BTEX contaminated sites.     

瓦斯抽采履带式坑道钻机的研制与应用

目前煤矿井下瓦斯抽采用全液压动力头式钻机以分体式为主,钻机搬迁费时费力,钻孔施工效率较低,履带式钻机的研制有效地解决了这一问题。从4种新型履带式坑道钻机的研制及现场应用情况看,采用整体式履带车载结构,可在井下自行搬迁,方便快捷,工人劳动强度低;机身倾角调整方便省力,钻机固定安全可靠;钻机设计参数合理,配套高强度钻杆处理卡钻事故的能力强;采用全液压驱动,各执行机构既可实现联动,又可单独控制工作;液压系统采用多泵系统,可独立调节各机构工作参数、转速和扭矩无级调整;采用具有节能效果的负载敏感技术,泵控变量便于实现远程控制,符合钻进工况特性要求,可满足煤矿坑道不同孔深钻探施工需求。     

基于Android系统的重力仪数据采集及计算软件开发

针对目前重力测量数据处理软件多是基于Windows系统,而这与携带Android移动设备相比多有不便的问题,该文提出了一种基于Android系统的重力数据采集及计算软件的开发。按照国家重力测量规范,针对CG-5型相对重力仪,设计研发了一款基于Android系统平台的重力数据采集及计算软件,较好地方便了用户野外携带。其具有新建、打开测线、数据采集处理、点之记拍照、导航定位、数据查询、信息标定、CG-5数据文档读取、报表生成等功能。在数据处理模块的传统改正项中,新增了海潮负荷改正和地下水变化改正,减少了误差项。通过将软件用于实地重力测量计算,证实该软件运行流畅、结果正确,提高了相对重力测量内外业一体化效率。     

大气负荷响应计算误差估计模型

用数理统计技术，建立格林函方法计算大气变化引起重力和形焦等效应的精度评定模型，并利用中国及其邻区的大气观,蛭大气误差常数和一个计算方案的精度估计，其结果与固体潮汐检测在不同气候条件下的响应情况相一致，该系统也可应用于格林函数积分形式的其它物理模型的误差估计。     

钢筋混凝土框架柱侧向变形能力的研究

本文介绍了8根钢筋混凝土柱的往复荷载试验、并且与理论计算结果进行了对比，另外，通过对收集到的103根钢筋混凝土框架柱试验的数据分析。，峄影响柱位移角的因素进行了讨论，最后提出了钢筋混凝土柱位移角以及为满足变形能力要求所需箍筋量的估算方法。     

对称和非对称载荷下声发射特征的数值模拟研究

利用自行开发的岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统，研究了对称载荷和非对称载荷下岩样的破坏过程以及破坏过程中所呈现的声发射特征。数值模拟结果演示两种条件下由微破裂诱致宏观破坏的演化过程以及和微破裂相关的声发射事件源的空间分布特征和事件序列特征。数值模拟结果指出，和对称载荷压缩实验相比，两者的最大区别在于在非对称载荷压缩实验中局部的剪切破坏的发生以及一个更加局部化的声发射事件源分布。从物理意义上讲非对称载荷实验提供了在预定破裂路径下研究脆性破坏的方法，从声发射研究方面来说非对称实验比对称实验能更好地观察声发射事件源的局部化。