Spatial averaging of hydraulic conductivity under radial flow conditions

Steady-state radial flow in three-dimensional heterogeneous media is investigated using a geostatistical approach. The goal of the study is to develop a model of the relationship between corescale hydraulic conductivities measured at the wellbore and the conductivity of the surrounding drainage region as measured by a larger scale flow experiment such as a pump test. Conductivity at the point or core-scale is modeled as a stationary and multivariate lognormal spatial random function. Conductivity of the drainage region is obtained by a weighted nonlinear spatial average over the point-scale values within. This empirical spatial averaging process is shown to yield excellent approximations of true effective drainage region conductivities calculated using a numerical flow model. The geostatistical model for point-scale conductivity and the spatial averaging process are used to determine the first and second order ensemble moments of drainage region conductivity. In particular, an expression is derived for the conditional expectation of drainage region conductivity given point-scale values measured at the wellbore. The results are illustrated in a case study of a well from a sandstone oil reservoir where both core and transient-test conductivity data from the same interval are available for comparison.     

Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics

Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. Some move very slowly, thus conforming to the field of statics, but some move rapidly. Study of the initiation and motion of rapid landslides needs to develop Landslide Dynamics involving dynamic loading and dynamic generation/dissipation of excess pore-water pressure. New developments in science can be facilitated by new technological advances. This study aimed to develop a new apparatus that can geotechnically simulate the formation of the shear zone and the following long and rapid shear displacement that occurs in high-velocity landslides. Professor K. Sassa and his colleagues at DPRI (Disaster Prevention Research Institute), Kyoto University, have worked to develop an undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus for this purpose. A series of different types of apparatus (DPRI-3, 4, 5, 6, 7) have been developed from 1992 to the present. This paper describes the development of this apparatus and its application to the study of earthquake-induced landslides and the latest landslide-triggered debris flow in Japan. Also, tests of the latest version (DPRI-7) with a transparent shear box for direct observation of the shear zone during a rapid shearing are described.     

确定Brooks-Corey土壤水力特性模型参数的垂直入渗方法

在水平入渗方法的基础上,提出了一种不需测定饱和导水率,仅利用一维垂直入渗试验即可确定Brooks-Co-rey模型参数的新方法.利用封丘县两种质地土壤的入渗资料,对所提出的方法进行了检验.结果表明,只要入渗历时足够长,基质势和重力势作用相当,垂直入渗方法确定的土壤水力参数与水平吸渗方法的预测结果相近;利用预测的参数,数...     

钻孔水力开采工艺：开采地下矿产的新方法

介绍了国外新兴的采矿技术－钻孔水力开采工艺,指出其工艺特点,影响因素,使用条件和在我国推广的技术经济意义。     

供水管网GIS系统下水力计算设计与实现

随着城市化进程的不断加快,供水管网和城市地形都在发生频繁的变化,管网简化模型必须随时更新,保持与现实管网的对应,才能使得水力计算的结果保持准确。将水力计算嵌入给水管网信息系统,可以使水力计算中的大部分输入数据直接从GIS数据库中提取,并借助GIS的数据更新手段保持管网计算模型的现势性,还可以利用GIS的表现能力显示输出...     

北京市北山泥石流分布规律及形成过程

北京北山泥石流的分布受构造控制，呈北东方向展布。其分布在时间上和空间上均有一定的规律可寻。一条泥石流沟谷的形成从开始到结束，概括分为形成、位移和堆积。区内泥石流的形成主要有三种形式：以水力侵蚀为主，以坡面侵蚀为主和以沟源崩、滑塌形式触发沟床物质活动而形成的泥石流。     

层理性页岩力学参数对水力压裂裂缝形态的影响分析

岩石力学性质及地应力等地质力学参数是进行储层压裂改造的基础数据,影响着整个压裂设计的准确性。由于页岩层理发育及矿物组成的复杂性、页岩力学性质的横观各向同性,所以基于传统力学模型获取的压裂参数设计将丧失意义。以横向各向同性模型体现层理发育页岩储层的力学性质,通过简化的横纵弹性模量和泊松比可以较好地表达出页岩的横观各向同性,并总结了横观各向同性地应力解释方法。基于上述理论,应用商业化水力压裂数模软件对四川盆地某层理页岩储层进行了压裂设计,比较了基于横观各向同性模型与传统模型解释力学参数差异,非常规储层动静态力学参数转换,同时通过改变射孔位置研究了起裂点对裂缝形态的影响。研究发现,横观各向同性解释的杨氏模量、地应力要略高于传统方法,同时横观各向同性解释的地层地应力差较小,所以受不同射孔位置的变化对裂缝几何的形态影响要远远高于各向同性模型模拟的结果,特别是缝高变化更为明显。同时数据表明,在高应力区射孔将形成更为狭窄缝宽的水力裂缝,这会严重影响后续支撑剂的进入,以上结论将为提高页岩储层的压裂设计精确性给予重要帮助。     

阳江抽水蓄能电站岩体水压致裂综合测试与应用研究

阳江抽水蓄能电站的输水隧洞围岩承受最大静内水压力高达7.83MPa, 因此原地应力状态、围岩自身承载能力及高压透水性状等对工程的科学设计不可或缺。测量结果表明, 工程区现今地壳应力场的总体特征为:水平主应力为最大主应力, 最大水平主应力的优势方向为NW-NWW向; 厂房和高压岔管区围岩的最大主应力值一般为14.5±0.5MPa, 最小主应力值一般为9±0.5MPa; 围岩自身的抗载强度一般为10~14MPa; 在8~10MPa高压力作用下围岩基本不透水。洞室围岩物理力学参数的这些测试成果, 为工程的科学设计提供了可靠依据。      

天然裂缝影响下的花岗岩水力裂缝扩展数值模拟

水力压裂技术是成功实现干热岩资源开发利用的重要手段之一,数值模拟技术能够精准预测水力裂缝扩展。针对典型花岗岩,借助黏性单元法,分别模拟了致密花岗岩和天然裂缝存在情况下的水力裂缝扩展特征,得出以下结论:致密花岗岩的水力裂缝形态单一,天然裂缝的存在增加了压裂后裂缝的复杂性;致密花岗岩水力裂缝拓展主要分为憋压和拓展两个交替往复的阶段,当存在天然裂隙时,水力压裂过程会变得复杂;天然裂缝存在时,水力裂缝的缝长和缝宽分别为致密花岗岩的5.7倍和1.7倍;缝网的形成需要借助复杂的压裂工艺实现。研究结果可以为增强型地热系统(EGS)储层水力刺激工作提供理论支持。     

水工环地质勘查技术的实际应用探讨

随着社会经济的快速发展,地质勘查工作逐渐完善,其中水工环地质勘查是较为基础的工作,其重要性日益显著,但水工环地质勘查在发展过程中受诸多因素的制约,其技术不能满足地质勘查的需求,也不能满足经济发展的需要。在此基础上,本文将分析水工环地质勘查技术的概况,并阐述水工环地质勘查技术的实际应用,旨在提高水工环地质勘查技术应用的能力,促进水工环地质勘查工作的有序开展。