小江断裂带地壳运动特征及地震危险性研究

利用1999~2013年间川滇地区的GPS速度场观测数据和块体模型研究小江断裂带地壳运动特征及地震危险性。结果表明:小江断裂带闭锁程度较高,应变量积累较大,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度约为0.94,滑动亏损速率约为(9.2±0.4)mm/a,整条断裂带左旋走滑速率约为(10.8~12.1)mm/a。结合小江断裂带上的历史地震数据估算,小江断裂带未来地震最大震级为7.3级,与近年来断裂带活动较为活跃相吻合。     

红河断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布特征研究

利用1999~2013年青藏高原东南缘的GPS速度场观测数据,采用DEFNODE程序反演红河断裂带走滑速率、三维闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布。反演结果表明:红河断裂带北、中、南段右旋走滑速率分别约为(5.9±1.2)mm/a,(4.8±0.6)mm/a和(4.3±0.4)mm/a,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度分别为0.43,0.22和0.25,其滑动亏损速率分别为3.3mm/a,2.6mm/a和2.3mm/a,红河断裂带闭锁程度和应变积累程度都比较低,与近年来红河断裂带整体活动微弱的现状相吻合。     

洞错混杂带内部结构及构造岩片组合特征

为了对洞错混杂带进行深入研究,通过遥感图像解译将其分为玄武岩岩片带、蛇绿混杂岩带和蛇绿岩带3个次级构造带,这3个次级构造带在平面上近平行延伸,向东、西方向收敛,在剖面上呈叠瓦式向南逆冲.实地检查证明,遥感解译结果符合实际情况,各带内岩块的物质组成、几何结构大不相同,中部的蛇绿混杂岩带是洞错混杂带的主带.     

Flex技术在海洋倾倒区信息系统中的应用

根据海洋部门在倾倒区管理工作中积累的经验和现行倾倒区管理方法及标准,充分利用Flex技术,设计开发了上海市海洋倾倒区信息服务系统。该系统有效地将倾倒区环境监测信息、倾倒监视管理信息及分析评价、水深地形监测、倾倒许可证等信息有机地结合起来,通过历史资料比对、模型预测、监测信息分析与评价,为倾倒区管理提供更科学、全面的依据,实现了海洋倾倒区管理的信息化,为海洋环境管理部门提供了决策支持。     

抵偿高程面任意带高斯投影坐标系统的变形分析及应用

对投影变形问题进行了分析,结合实例,探讨了抵偿高程面任意带高斯投影对控制投影变形的实用性。     

基于人工神经网络面插值的方法研究

前人研究表明三层前向人工神经网络不仅能以任意精度逼近任意函数,还能以任何精度逼近其各阶导数。根据这一特性,本文将反向传播网络（Ｂａｃｋ－Ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ,简称ＢＰ网络）应用于面插值。本文认定地理要素的空间分布可以用一复杂的非线性函数模拟,该函数是由多种因素综合作用的结果,即地理要素的值是这些因素的函数,如果以各因素的输入、对应地理要素值为期望输出,对网络进行训练可对地理要素的空间分布进行模拟     

Influences of forest roads and their edge effects on the spatial pattern of burn severity

Previous research has shown that forest roads are an important feature in many landscapes and have significant effects on wildfire ignition and cessation. However, forest road effects on burn severity have not been studied at the landscape level. Therefore, the overarching goal of our study is to identify the influences of road edge effects on the spatial patterns of burn severity. We analyzed six fires within the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest on the eastern slope of the Cascades mountain range of central Washington.We generated two categories for assessing road variables: (1) Primary Road Effect Zone (area within 150 m of the nearest road) and (2) Secondary Road Effect Zone (area from 150 m to 300 m to the nearest road). A regular sampling grid including one out of every 9 cells was created for each fire.These grids were intersected with burn severity data in the form of the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR), road distance category, stream distance, elevation, slope, terrain shape index, heat load index, canopy cover, and fuel type. We fit spatial regression models with RdNBR as the dependent variable.We found that high burn severity is less likely to occur in the Primary Road Effect Zone for most fires, although one fire exhibited the opposite relationship. Forest road edge effects were hypothesized to be an important determinant of burn severity because fragmentation created by roads alters the roadside fuel profile and environment and because road corridors create barriers to fire spread. Recognizing roadside effects on burn severity patterns highlights the need for further study of the range of effects that roads have on fuels and the fire environment and the potential for incorporating road effects into landscape-level assessments of fire risk.     

Computerized database on salt affected soils in western and central India using GIS

Salt affected soils occupy significant areas in western and central India manifested by the arid and semiarid climate, sandy/clayey soil texture, absence of natural drainage, and inadequate infrastructure and irrigation development. These soils are productive following reclamation and appropriate management. The National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad (India) published state-wise maps of salt affected soils in India on 1:250,000 scale using a legend that includes physiography, soil characteristics, and the aerial extent of the mapping units. In the analogue form, voluminous data contained in such maps were difficult to handle by users of varied backgrounds. An attempt was made to prepare a computerized database of salt affected soils for easy access, retrieval, and manipulation of spatial and attribute data useful for management of salt affected soils. The salt affected soils maps were prepared, for Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra states, overlaying digitized layers of SAS polygons and the Survey of India basemap using the ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) software. GIS was used to prepare a composite (master) database of western and central India that showed the extent and distribution of salt affected soils. A relational database was prepared combining the digitized polygons with soil characteristics such as nature and degree of salinity (presence of higher concentration of neutral salts and neutral soil reaction), sodicity (presence of higher concentration of basic salts and alkaline reaction) and ground coverage. The regional and zonal databases of salt affected soils were prepared at a suitable scale overlaying agro-climatic regions agro-climatic zones. Spatial relation of salt affected soils with physiography, climate, geology, and agro-eco-sub-regions were evaluated employing map calculations in GIS. Saline soils were prevalent in Gujarat, and Rajasthan while sodic soils were dominant in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. These were distributed primarily in the arid (B) plain of Rajasthan, alluvial (A) and coastal (D) plains of Gujarat, and peninsular plain (F) of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. It occupied 2,596,942 ha (78%) in the western (Rajasthan and Gujarat) and 733,608 ha (22%) in the central (Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) regions. The SAS occupied 3.3 million ha in the western and central region constituting 50% of the total salt affected soils in India. The saline and sodic soils occupied 2,069,285 ha (62%) and 1,261,266 ha (38%), respectively.     

具有抵偿面的GPS基线向量网任意带高斯投影模型研究

通过GPS技术获取的空间基线向量和坐标信息是建立在WGS-84坐标系下的,无法直接应用于工程实际。因此使用GPS基线向量网必须将其从WGS-84坐标系转换到测区的平面坐标系统中,这就需要构造一个具有抵偿面的任意带高斯投影模型,来控制和减小边长投影变形。     

多源遥感数据综合解译鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区地质构造

利用多源遥感数据假彩色合成、融合及纹理分析等增强处理方法提取研究区构造信息,进而对研究区进行综合解译;通过分析水系、色调、纹理、地貌及岩性等特征,判断出杭锦旗地区存在一小一大、内外相套的2个环形构造,发育的北西向、北东向2组共轭断层和一组北北西向断层,与环形构造相互构架,构成研究区特殊的构造体系。经分析预测,这些构造是受周边南北向构造应力共同挤压而形成。