阿拉善地块北缘的蛇绿混杂岩带及其大地构造意义

阿拉善地块北缘新近发现两条蛇绿混杂岩带,即恩格尔乌苏蛇绿混杂岩带和查干础鲁蛇绿混杂岩带。这两条蛇绿混杂岩带在地球化学特征和构造特征等方面都有各自的特点。前者规模巨大,表现为洋壳的性质,是华北地台和中亚陆块的最终缝台线;后者表现为弧后小洋盆的性质,是华北地台北缘的一条岛弧和地台的缝合线。这两条蛇绿混杂岩带的发现,以及对它们性质的研究。对该区的构造单元划分和大地构造演化研究有着重要的意义。并为邻区的对比研究提供了依据。     

裂隙参数分析在岩体力学和水力学习性研究中的应用

岩体的力学和水力学习性主要取决于其中裂隙的发育程度。一定成因的裂隙具有一定的发育规律,这一规律既具确定性又具随机性。本文详细讨论了表示岩体裂隙发育程度特征参数的量测和分析方法,重点论述了裂隙参数分析在研究岩体渗透习性、岩体中裂隙网络计算机模拟及岩体弹性参数分析等方面的应用。     

埋藏环境下碳酸盐岩建设性成岩作用类型、特征及其意义

本文通过对南方中扬子地区和北方鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的寒武系、奥陶系埋藏成岩作用的详细研究,认为:（1）埋藏破裂、裂隙作用虽然能使岩石孔隙度有所增加。但更重要的是连通原已存在的孔隙。从而提高岩石的孔隙度和渗透率:（2）埋藏白云化作用形成的晶间孔、缝、晶内孔、晶间溶孔等是油气储集的一种最有利的空间;（3）与构造作用相关的埋藏溶解作用和深部埋藏作用能形成有意义的油气储集场所。上述3冲作用相互叠加时。岩石的孔隙度和渗透率将急剧提高。本文提出鄂尔多斯北缘和东缘奥陶系是油气勘探的战略远景区。同时首次提出了识别埋藏白云石化作用和埋藏溶解作用的标志和际准。     

煤的显微构造及其储集性能

利用扫描电子显微镜研究煤中微米级构造变形,揭示了煤的显微构造变形现象,如裂隙、角砾、碎粒、糜棱质、滑移面等。这些显微构造直接影响着煤的储集性能,裂隙和角砾的发育增加了煤中的大孔和中孔,提高了有效孔隙率;碎粒和糜棱质增加了煤的比表面积和甲烷吸附量,同时也有充填孔隙、堵塞通道的作用。研究显微构造在理论上可为煤层气生、储、运机理研究提供微观依据;在应用上可成为煤层气资源评价和开采的指标之一。      

Modelling the effect of rainfall on instabilities of slopes along highways

 During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant instabilities occurred in several sections of the new Irbid–Amman Highway in Jordan. A potential impact of surface and subsurface flow on the failed areas was noted. This paper is concerned with a hydrological study of the Irbid–Amman Highway, including watershed characteristics, hydrological data analysis, and hydraulic analysis of remedial works to failed areas and other parts of the highway drainage to minimize the impact of surface runoff and the effects of subsurface water with respect to the stability of the upslope and to limit the porewater pressure within the road formation. The study shows that the culvert capacity and the discharge velocity of the cross-highway drainage are deficient. Recommendations (e.g. gabion cascades) are therefore suggested to reduce drainage to the cross highway drainage structures. Grouting is suggested to stabilize the embankments above the inlets to culverts. Remedial drainage works are suggested for each major failed area. These include: culverts, table drain, drainage blanket beneath road formation, cut-off drains above cuttings, subsurface drains into the cut in the vicinity of springs, curtain drain beneath the lined table drain, and others. Received: 26 March 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998     

Fracturing around a preconditioned deep level gold mine stope

The mining faces of the highly stressed tabular stopes in South Africa's deep level gold mines are prone to a type of rock burst termed a face-burst. As a means of ameliorating these face-burst conditions, a destressing technique termed preconditioning has been employed. Part of the studies into the quantification of the effects and mechanisms of preconditioning was a detailed investigation of the fracture pattern around unpreconditioned and preconditioned stopes. Techniques included mapping of the fractures exposed in the mined areas of the stope, measurement of profiles of the stope hangingwall and the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). These studies indicate that preconditioning does not produce new sets of fractures and stress redistribution ahead of the face occurs by re-activation of specific pre-existing fractures, thereby reducing the potential for face-bursting.     

太平洋CC区构造特征与多金属结核成矿条件研究

1994年4－11月,国家海洋局组织和实施了DY85－4航次中国开辟区（太平洋CC区）多金属结核（下简称结核）勘探,海上勘查历时225d,勘查面积达65×103km2,其中,用重力、磁力和单道地震等方法对测区进行了地球物理调查。结果表明,火山和浅层侵入体是提供给核生成的重要物质来源。区域性的沉积间断是造成结核丰度偏高的重要因素。断块活动强烈的地区,断裂活动有利于金属元素在海底的富集。不同时代形成的海底,地幔原岩在成分上的差异或在洋壳形成过程中构造活动的差异,对结核的形成有着一定的控制因素。而上述地质构造活动,在地球物理特征上都有着明显的反映。由此可见,地球物理特征与结核的形成和富集规律有着明显的相关关系。     

地下深部灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究

灰岩中岩溶和裂隙发育规律研究是研究陷落柱发育规律的基础,研究结果表明在单孔雷达反射图像上岩溶和裂隙反映清晰,单孔雷达反射法用于灰岩岩石特性研究效果显著,该研究成果填补了国内灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究的空白,为地下深处灰岩岩石特性高分辨率探测开辟了新途径。     

静水压力作用下圆拱正对称失稳临界力的求解

按Ｒｉｔｚ法求得铰支和固支圆拱受静水压力作用时,具有高精度的正对称失稳临界力的第３次近似值。在圆拱临界力的求解中,还可同时导得圆环以不同波数失稳的临界力的精确值。