球形氢键模型预测电解质溶液中的离子水合数

建立了以球形氢键模型为基础的离子-水键长和配位水分子数之间的关系式,并利用该式对20种金属离子的水合数进行了预测,预测结果令人满意。     

滨州黄河公路大桥承台大体积混凝土防裂技术探讨

介绍了滨州黄河公路大桥承台大体积混凝土防止温度裂缝的主要措施和过程,并对其效果进行简要评析。从大体积混凝土的性质和特点出发进行探讨和研究,以使所采取的措施行之有效和切合实际。     

Halogen contents of eclogite facies fluid inclusions and minerals: Caledonides,western Norway

Primary multiphase brine fluid inclusions in omphacite and garnet from low‐ to medium‐temperature eclogites have been analysed for Cl, Br, I, F, Li and SO₄. Halogen contents and ratios provide information about trapped lower crustal fluids, even though the major element (Na, K, Ca) contents of inclusion fluids have been modified by fluid–mineral interactions and (step‐) daughter‐crystal formation after trapping. Halogens in the inclusion fluids were analysed with crush–leach techniques. Cl/Br and Cl/I mass ratios of eclogite fluids are in the range 31–395 and 5000–33 000, respectively. Most fluids have a Cl/Br ratio lower than modern seawater and a Cl/I ratio one order of magnitude lower than modern seawater. Fluids with the lowest Cl/Br and highest Cl/I ratios come from an eclogite that formed by hydration of granulite facies rocks, and may indicate that Br and I are fractionated into hydrous minerals. Reconstructions indicate that the inclusion fluids originally contained 500–4000 ppm Br, 1–14 ppm I and 33–438 ppm Li. Electron microprobe analyses of eclogite facies amphibole, biotite, phengite and apatite indicate that F and Cl fractionate most strongly between phengite (F/Cl mass ratio of 1469 ± 1048) and fluid (F/Cl mass ratio of 0.008), and the least between amphibole and fluid. The chemical evolution of Cl and Br in pore fluids during hydration reactions is in many ways analogous to Cl and Br in seawater during evaporation: the Cl/Br ratio remains constant until the a_H2O value is sufficiently lowered for Cl to be removed from solution by incorporation into hydrous minerals.     

膨润土热传导性能时效性试验研究

在不同初始条件下试验研究了静置时间对高庙子钠基膨润土GMZ07和MX80膨润土压实样热传导性能的影响。在保持试样干密度和含水率不变情况下,将不同初始状态试样分别静置1、5、30、60、100 d,随后采用热探针法进行热传导系数测试,并对部分试样进行压汞试验。试验结果表明：GMZ07和MX80膨润土的热传导系数均随静置时间的增长而减小,静置早期热传导系数减小较快,随着静置时间延续,热传导系数逐渐趋于稳定。在相同干密度下,静置时间引起的热传导系数减小量随含水率的增大而增大。结合压实膨润土试样的微观孔隙结构变化,认为膨润土热传导系数随静置时间发生变化的主要原因是：试样静置过程中,蒙脱石发生水化膨胀,部分土中水转变成热传导性能较差的惰性水,导致膨润土的热传导系数减小。     

Gu's function scale of ion hydration force and charge size

ImODUonON'WaterVaporChemistry"isanewsdricediscovetalandestablishedfromtraceanaly-sisinGu'slab0rat0ry(Gu,l99l;Guetal.,l99l).Gu'sFunCtionshowrthatthetracetalionconcentfutionCinwatervaporhaspositivecondationt0the,Spedcelamnadriityconstant"lastionhationpotentialIz/ionvalenceZandnegativecondationtotheionvolumeVandcoordinationnUInberN(Gu,l994).Gu'sFunCti0nC=f[(IzwrVMofthebondparameterinwatervaporcheInistrycomepondstothepotentinlenergyfunctfonZ'd/rintheSbodingerEquahonofquantumchemistry.…     

Hydrothermal Formation of Lath-Shaped Trioctahedral Smectite with High Crystallinity

Lath-shaped and highly crystalline trioctahedral smectites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The quenched glasses with stoichiometrically dehydrated Na-smectite compositions were treated at （a） 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 and 11 days; and （b） 300℃ and 100 MPa for 7 days. The crystallinity and particle size of products were dependent on the chemical composition of the starting glass, synthetic temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment. The high structural ordering and large dimensions of the products were confirmed from the sharpness of XRD peaks; and hydration behavior under controlled relative humidity. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed for the characterization of the particle size of product. Particle sizes vary from ca. 10 nm to a few pm by changing the chemical compositions of the starting materials. The product with the highest structural ordering and largest dimension was obtained from Nao.33（Mg1.83Al0.67）Si4O11 glass treated at 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 day. The obtained results also confirmed the metastability and compositional dependency in the formation of highly crystalline trioctahedral smectite at hydrothermal conditions.     

Fractionation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of gypsum hydration water and assessment of its geochemical indications

Fundamental knowledge of the isotopic fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution and whether the primary information recorded in hydration water can be preserved or not in deposits or mines have long been unclear. In order to calculate the accurate hydrogen and oxygen isotopic fractionation factors between gypsum hydration water and its mother solution with new methods, to understand the mechanism of fractionation and synthetically assess the record-keeping abilities of the isotopic composition of hydration water during the process of diagenesis after deposition, experiments on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water and its mother solution at different isothermal temperatures from 5 to 50°C were systematically conducted. In addition, samples from two typical gypsum deposits formed in different environmental conditions were also determined. Results show that during gypsum crystallisation, both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show significant fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution. The calculated hydrogen isotopic fractionation factors are <1, while the oxygen isotopic fractionation factors are >1 at temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The fractionation factors show no functional relationships with temperature. Isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water in arid lake sediments can be used to trace the source of water and primary deposit environmental information. However, the isotopic composition of the gypsum hydration water can easily be altered by dissolution and secondary precipitation of gypsum during later diagenesis, particularly in areas with humid climate and abundant groundwater. A very careful assessment on record-keeping abilities of the primary isotopic composition of hydration water in gypsum during later diagenesis must be considered before application.     

天然气水合物的晶体结构及水合系数和比重

天然气水合物具有巨大的资源前景和极强的环境和灾害效应，是目前地学研究中的热点，天然气水合物存在三种基本晶体结构，五种大小不同的气体占据空间，不同大小的气体分子进入大小相近的气体占据空间，形成稳定的天然气水合物，分子太大和太小的气体则不能形成水合物，天然气水合物的气体充填率常小于1.0，水合系数大于理想水合系数，而且受气体类型、组成、温度和压力等条件影响，气体类型明显影响天然气水合物的比重，烃类气体可形成比重小于海水的天然气水合物，CO2的水合物比重可明显高于海水比重。     

考虑水化状态影响的膨胀土强度特性

从膨胀土水化作用时间和温度两个影响因素出发,在室内研究了膨胀土的膨胀变形特性与强度特性。结果表明,膨胀土饱和后还会经历相当长的膨胀过程,这就使得土体的饱和强度随水化作用时间的延长而逐渐降低;膨胀土在膨胀过程 中,温度越高,土体的膨胀速率越大,土体最终的膨胀率也越大,土体的饱和强度随水化作用温度的升高而逐渐降低。饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度指标宜考虑水化作用时间和温度的影响,采用变动强度公式更为合适。     

沉积物中水合物含气量测定方法

建立了沉积物中水合物含气量的测定方法;测定了人工松散沉积物中甲烷水合物、南海神狐海域及祁连山冻土区天然气水合物样品的含气量;计算了样品的表观水合指数(水与气体的摩尔比);探讨了水合物含气量的影响因素.测试结果表明,人工甲烷水合物样品表观水合指数与晶体水合指数相近,样品中水合物的浓度大,含气量较高;南海神狐海域及祁连山冻...