Towards error‐free hybrid simulation using mixed variables

Two procedures are developed and implemented in a hybrid simulation system (HSS) with the aim of enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the online, i.e. pseudo‐dynamic, test results. The first procedure aims at correcting the experimental systematic error in executing the displacement command signal. The error is calculated as the difference between command and feedback signals and correlated to the actuator velocity using the least‐squares method. A feed‐forward error compensation scheme is devised leading to a more accurate execution of the test. The second procedure employs mixed variables with mode switching between displacement and force controls. The newly derived force control algorithm is evaluated using a parametric study to assess its stability and accuracy. The implementation of the mixed variables procedure is designed to adopt force control for high stiffness states of the structural response and displacement control otherwise, where the resolution of the involved instruments may favour this type of mixed control. A simple pseudo‐dynamic experiment of steel cantilever members is used to validate the HSS. Moreover, two experiments as application examples for the two developed procedures are presented. The two experiments focus on the seismic response of (a) timber shear walls and (b) reinforced concrete frames with and without unreinforced masonry infill wall. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MRFD半主动控制系统的时滞与补偿

时滞与补偿是基于磁流变流体阻尼器（Ｍａｇｎｅｔｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　Ｆｌｕｉｄ　Ｄａｍｐｅｒ，简称ＭＲＦＤ）的半主动控制系统优化设计中的一个重要问题。本文对此进行了研究，并通过计算实例分析了时间滞后与补偿两种情况对控制系统性能的影响，结果表明，当时滞达到１．０ｓ时，ＭＲＦＤ半主动控制系统仍具有一定的控制效果，说明该半主动控制系统是可靠的，其性能要优于完全主动控制系统，并且对时滞补偿以后系统的控制效果得到明显的改善，说明本文所述的时滞补偿方法是有效的。     

永城煤电集团滤波装置改造的技术经济分析

根据对永城煤电集团供电系统中存在的主要谐波情况，翔实分析了其所造成的附加损耗和经济损失。针对永城煤电集团用电负荷造成的谐波现状及现有的固定LC滤波装置的特点，经综合分析最后确定选用TCR型静止动态无功补偿装置与两矿现有的LC滤波装置并联，组成TCR＋FC结构。从技术、经济两方面看，具有重大意义。     

多旋翼无人机航磁系统误差综合补偿研究

多旋翼无人机磁通门航磁系统以其安全、稳定、高效等特点可广泛应用于中大比例尺矿产资源探测领域,但由于磁通门传感器存在三轴不严格正交,灵敏度、零偏不一致造成的转向差,且系统作业中存在固定场干扰、感应干扰和涡流干扰,需要进行流程繁琐的标定和补偿测试.本文根据实测数据分析出航磁系统机电干扰主要来自机载设备高频干扰,针对机电干扰高频特性设计相应低通滤波器进行误差处理,并基于Tolles-Lawson模型建立仪器转向误差和飞行平台机动误差补偿模型,根据两者结构相似的特点,建立综合补偿模型,该模型简单,实用性强,可通过野外一次补偿测试求取补偿参数进而对工区航磁数据进行补偿处理.最后,将综合补偿研究应用到辽宁省兴城市夹山地区航磁数据,综合补偿后的处理有效去除了航磁数据中的条带状干扰异常,并与地面磁测数据异常形态具有良好的一致性,验证了该研究方法有效性和实用性.     

Modeling errors in upward continuation for INS gravity compensation

Accurate upward continuation of gravity anomalies supports future precision, free-inertial navigation systems, since the latter cannot by themselves sense the gravitational field and thus require appropriate gravity compensation. This compensation is in the form of horizontal gravity components. An analysis of the model errors in upward continuation using derivatives of the standard Pizzetti integral solution (spherical approximation) shows that discretization of the data and truncation of the integral are the major sources of error in the predicted horizontal components of the gravity disturbance. The irregular shape of the data boundary, even the relatively rough topography of a simulated mountainous region, has only secondary effect, except when the data resolution is very high (small discretization error). Other errors due to spherical approximation are even less important. The analysis excluded all measurement errors in the gravity anomaly data in order to quantify just the model errors. Based on a consistent gravity field/topographic surface simulation, upward continuation errors in the derivatives of the Pizzetti integral to mean altitudes of about 3,000 and 1,500 m above the mean surface ranged from less than 1 mGal (standard deviation) to less than 2 mGal (standard deviation), respectively, in the case of 2 arcmin data resolution. Least-squares collocation performs better than this, but may require significantly greater computational resources.     

干涉雷达在DEM测量中的精度影响及处理方法

干涉合成孔径雷达 (INSAR)为数字高程模型 (DEM)测量提供了一种新的手段。它具有同时获取三维信息、测量范围广、空间和高程分辨率高等优点。文中首先扼要介绍了干涉雷达的原理 ,然后重点讨论几个影响测量精度的因素及其处理方法 ,如相关、运动补偿、配准、相位展开等。     

关于数字航测相机像移补偿问题

航测相机像移补偿有两种方法 :一是在相机的焦平面上 ,使感光平面沿飞行方向 ,在曝光瞬间作一微小位移 ,以改正因摄影平台相对于被摄目标的运动引起的像点位移 ;二是在曝光瞬间 ,使相机作一微小的俯仰角旋转 ,以改正因摄影平台相对于被摄目标的运动引起的像点位移。前者简称为焦平面平移改正法 ,后者可称为俯仰旋转改正法。本文中研究了这两种像移补偿方法的差异和所能达到的精度水平及其适用范围     

岩溶发育对温室气体CO2的调节能力研究

温室效应是当今世界上许多国家及其政府关注的重要问题之一。从地质角度研究全球最大碳库－－碳酸盐岩在其岩溶发育过程中对温室气体ＣＯ２的调节能力,从而为更全面,定量地考察温室气体ＣＯ２循环提供新思路及依据。     

行政赔偿因果关系的认定规则初探

行政赔偿因果关系的认定,直接关系到国家赔偿法效能的发挥.现实中,行政赔偿之所以陷入困境,其中一个重要原因是行政赔偿因果关系的认定缺乏标准.应从行政管理的规律出发,把握行政法律关系的特征,着眼于行政法未来的发展趋势,从充分发挥行政赔偿的内在功能入手,兼顾国家现实的赔偿能力及当前的法制人文环境,从理论上建立可供司法实践操作的行政赔偿因果关系认定规则.     

平差系统模型误差补偿的配置法

利用大地测量数据分析地壳形变所建立的平差系统，不可避免地存在模型误差。给出了估计模型偏差的带权均方误差公式，提出了模型误差的识别、先验协方差的确定以及用最小二乘配置法对平差系统模型误差的补偿方法。