澳大利亚第三大城市布里斯班创意产业集聚研究

早在1994年澳大利亚政府提出"创意国度"概念,将促进文化产业发展列入国家发展政策之中,并积极推动发展本国的创意产业。布里斯班是世界上最早设立创意产业中心的城市之一,创建了世界上第一个创意产业学院,专门用于培养创意产业人才和从事创意产业研究,依托昆士兰科技大学建立了澳大利亚第一个创意产业园区作为创新和产业化发展的基地,积极探索"产官学"的产业发展模式,继而借势第一个明确提出了创建"创意城市"的目标,并逐渐走上了布里斯班自己的城市创意产业发展之路。     

基于Wi-Fi信号的地震废墟被困人员侦查系统

针对震后大面积废墟下被困人员快速准确检测与定位的需求,本文提出了基于Wi-Fi信号的地震灾害人员侦查技术。以嵌入式技术为基础,涉及FSK通信、Wi-Fi定位、Wi-Fi定位算法等方面的研究,提出Wi-Fi热点中继设备和显控中心平台切实可行的设计解决方案,研制出能够实现震后大面积废墟下被困人员快速定位的设备,并提出设备布设方案。为我国地震救援提供一种有效的技术手段。     

基于TOPSIS和热点分析的都汶公路沿线地质生态环境承载力评价

针对山区公路沿线复杂地质生态环境动态变化等问题, 以都江堰 - 汶川公路沿线区域为研究对象, 提出了一种基于承载力综合质量和空间聚类关系对区域地质生态环境承载力评价的方法, 实现了对具有地质灾害易发特点的山区公路沿线区域承载力状况的科学评价。通过自然 - 环境 - 人文模型构建区域承载力状况评估指标体系, 借助层次分析法确定各评价指标因子的权重, 采用TOPSIS算法（逼近理想解排序方法）进行计算并加权叠加得到承载力综合质量状况, 结合热点分析的结果对研究区的承载力状况进行等级划分。结果表明： 研究区的地质环境、 生态环境、 社会经济承载力质量空间分布皆呈现出高度聚集性, 划入适宜建设区的面积占比31.12%, 后备调控区的面积占比31.98%, 不宜建设区面积占比36.79%, 研究区内的映秀镇、 漩口镇和都江堰所组成的三角区呈现大面积的高值聚集区, 承载力综合质量好, 空间聚集度高, 利于规划建设。评价结果为区域承载力准确评价和空间利用格局研究提供了新思路, 也可为防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

Drought hotspot analysis and risk assessment using probabilistic drought monitoring and severity–duration–frequency analysis

Drought hotspot identification requires continuous drought monitoring and spatial risk assessment. The present study analysed drought events in the agriculture‐dominated mid‐Mahanadi River Basin in Odisha, India, using crop water stress as a drought indicator. This drought index incorporated different factors that affect crop water deficit such as the cropping pattern, soil characteristics, and surface soil moisture. The drought monitoring framework utilized a relevance vector machine model‐based classification that provided the uncertainty associated with drought categorization. Using the proposed framework, drought hotspots are identified in the study region and compared with indices based on precipitation and soil moisture. Further, a bivariate copula is employed to model the agricultural drought characteristics and develop the drought severity–duration–frequency (S–D–F) relationships. The drought hotspot maps and S–D–F curves are developed for different locations in the region. These provided useful information on the site‐specific drought patterns and the characteristics of the devastating droughts of 2002 and 2012, characterized by an average drought duration of 7 months at several locations. The site‐specific risk of short‐ and long‐term agricultural droughts are then investigated using the conditional copula. The results suggest that the conditional return periods and the S–D–F curves are valuable tools to assess the spatial variability of drought risk in the region.     

洋中脊与地幔柱热点相互作用研究进展

地表热点是认识地幔柱假说以及地幔柱动力学的窗口,发生在洋脊与热点之间的相互作用则是了解地球上两大动力系统(板块构造和地幔柱)的直接联系的最有利地区。研究洋脊-热点之间的相互作用对于揭示地幔动力学、热点附近洋壳构造的演变以及与热点密切相关的洋中脊处的岩浆热液活动具有重要的意义。在肯定地幔柱假说的基础上,对洋脊-地幔柱(热点)的模拟实验以及三大洋中不同扩张脊与热点相互作用的最新研究作了系统的介绍和评述,指出室内模拟实验以及地质学、岩石学、地球化学和地球物理学(特别是高分辨率的地震技术)的结合研究将是本领域研究的发展趋势。     

Community congruence between macroinvertebrates and wetland dependent birds in natural wetlands of southwest Ethiopia

Assessment and monitoring of biodiversity is critical for conservation planning. Considering the cost and time associated to monitoring, selecting proper bio-indicators is important, particularly in countries where financial resources are limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate community congruence of macroinvertebrates and wetland birds in natural wetlands of southwest Ethiopia, exposed to different levels of human disturbance and to identify important environmental variables related to these bio-indicators. Data on macroinvertebrates, birds, physico-chemical water quality, human disturbance and vegetation cover were collected from 54 sampling sites distributed over 12 wetlands during dry and wet season of 2015. Procrustes analysis was used to quantify community congruence between the two assemblages across different disturbance levels. The congruence of macroinvertebrates and wetland dependent birds was higher for low disturbed wetlands (R² = 0.60) than for moderately disturbed wetlands (R² = 0.31). Moderately disturbed wetlands showed no significant congruence between macroinvertebrates and wetland birds and between wetland dependent and wetland associated birds. A significant and positive relation between richness of macroinvertebrates and wetland dependent birds was observed when the full data set was used, whereas no significant relation was observed when the data was split according to the different levels of human disturbance. Vegetation cover, dissolved oxygen, water depth, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and conductivity were significantly correlated with both macroinvertebrate and wetland bird occurrence. Based on our study we suggest to monitor both bio-indicators as they provide important complementary information on the status of the wetlands.     

Reef microhabitats mediate fish feeding intensity and agonistic interactions at Príncipe Island Biosphere Reserve,Tropical Eastern Atlantic

The benthic assemblage of reefs provides an important resource of food and habitat for reef fishes. However, how benthic composition mediates reef fishes' biotic interactions at isolated environments such as oceanic islands remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of four different reef microhabitats over biological interactions of fishes in an understudied oceanic island, Príncipe Island. For that, we recorded a total of 46 Underwater Remote Videos (RUVs) to document benthic composition and fishes' trophic and agonistic interactions. We used benthic cover estimates to group the samples into four microhabitats (dominated by epilithic algal matrix [EAM], sand/rock, corals and sponges), then quantified fishes' trophic and agonistic interactions in each microhabitat. All microhabitats presented a different structure of trophic and agonistic interactions of the fish assemblage. Feeding pressure (FP) and agonistic interactions were higher on the EAM microhabitat and lower in coral microhabitat. Herbivores were the main responsible group for the FP in all microhabitats. Territorial damselfishes used microhabitats differently for both trophic and agonistic interactions. We demonstrated that reef fish diversity and intensity of biotic interactions varied according the spatial distribution of benthic resources, which suggests that benthic composition plays an important role on structuring biological interactions at isolated reef systems.     

基于时空临近重复效应的犯罪热点特征及成因分析——以北京市抢劫案件为例

时空临近重复效应是犯罪活动的一种重要时空特征。为深入研究犯罪热点的特征及其形成原因,论文以北京市内城六区2012—2014年抢劫案件为例,通过核密度估计、时空临近重复计算及定义时空临近重复案件链等方法分析了犯罪热点的案件构成,并从犯罪人因素和环境因素等方面对犯罪热点内的案件特征结构进行了分析。结果表明：北京市内城六区的抢劫案件存在有“a”“b”“c”三个主要的空间热点,并且热点内的大部分案件均具有显著的时空临近重复效应;其中热点“a”位于双井、劲松一带,热点“c”位于南四环大红门桥一带,且2个热点内案件的犯罪人特征在一致性程度上高于环境类特征,表明热点的形成源于犯罪人在热点区域内重复作案的可能性较大;而热点“b”位于东南三环的分钟寺地区,热点内案件的环境类特征在一致性程度上高于犯罪人特征,表明该热点的形成为不同犯罪人在热点区域内集中作案的可能性较高。研究对警务部门开展针对性的犯罪打击和防控有一定的支撑作用。