面向带电作业的手臂末端输出力评估方法

为了解决带电作业时手臂末端输出力的准确控制,提出一种基于表面肌电信号（sEMG信号）和支持向量机回归（SVR）实现对手臂末端施力的评估方法.通过手握机械手臂末端的手柄,做往复推拉运动,记录此时手柄处的力传感器的数据F,同时利用3组肌电信号传感器同步采集手臂的肌电信号.将肌电信号提取特征后,与力F组合成样本集合S,在样本集合中随机抽取50%的样本数据作为训练集,分别训练BP神经网络、GRNN神经网络以及SVR神经网络.最后用训练好的神经网络对整个样本集中的力F进行预测,并用均方根误差和相关系数评估模型的预测效果.结果显示,SVR神经网络的预测效果较好,其均方根误差为3.074 0,相关系数为0.951 7.     

边界层风廓线雷达测风精度分析

利用CLC-11-D型边界层风廓线雷达的5波束观测数据,对比分析了晴空、稳定性降水和对流性降水等不同类型气象条件下边界层风廓线雷达测风的准确性,并对2016年3月1日—2017年2月28日共计7300时次的晴空观测资料进行了测风质量评估,得出结论如下:在晴空条件下大气均匀稳定,水平风速和风向测量精度要优于稳定性降水和对流性降水天气,降水出现前后环境大气扰动较大是导致稳定性降水和对流性降水天气下测风精度较差的原因;150 m以下近地层高度的测风质量较差,与地杂波干扰较强有关;夏季有效探测高度最高可达6300 m左右,春秋季有效探测高度比较接近,分别为2000 m和2500 m左右,冬季有效探测高度最低,仅为1100 m左右;4个季节测风质量评估达标高度分别为900、4000、2200 m和1100 m,大气环境的湿度条件和水平风速、风向标准差的波动是影响测风质量评估的重要因素。     

非地转湿Q矢量分解在暴雨分析中的应用

利用非地转湿Q矢量对山东省春秋季两次罕见的暴雨天气进行了诊断分析。分析结果表明:暴雨期间都有较强的非地转湿Q矢量辐合,产生上升运动,形成暴雨。这一结果也表明凝结潜热加热对暴雨的产生有着重要的作用。本文进一步把非地转湿Q矢量分解为平行于等位温线和垂直于等位温线两部分。揭示在这两场暴雨过程中,虽然都有中尺度和大尺度辐合上升运动作用的叠加,但在春季暴雨的个例中,垂直于等位温线的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合与总的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合相接近,暴雨以中尺度上升运动为主。而在秋季暴雨的个例中,平行于等位温线的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合与总的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合在形状上相似,在强度上偏强,暴雨的上升运动以大尺度为主,中间夹杂着中小尺度的上升运动,降水以混合型为主。     

支持向量机与卡尔曼滤波集合的西太平洋副热带高压数值预报误差修正

基于T106数值预报产品资料,提出了支持向量机和卡尔曼滤波相结合的方法来进行夏季西太平洋副热带高压数值预报的误差修正与预报优化。首先采用支持向量机方法建立了西太平洋副热带高压面积指数的误差修正模型。基于支持向量机预报优化模型尽管有比较好的拟合精度和预报效果,但与实际副热带高压指数尚有一定的差异。究其原因,除预报对象(副热带高压)本身比较复杂、模型优化因子不够充分以及数值预报误差自身的随机性以外,优化模型的输入、输出基本上是一个静态映射结构,因此前一时刻的预测误差难以得到有效的反馈、调整和修正。为考虑前一时刻预报误差的反馈信息,动态跟踪副高的变化趋势,随后引入卡尔曼滤波方法建立支持向量机-卡尔曼滤波模型,对支持向量机模型的输出结果作进一步的调整和优化。试验结果表明,该方法模型的预报优化效果优于T106数值预报产品以及单纯的神经网络修正模型和卡尔曼滤波修正模型的优化效果,能够较为客观、有效地修正西太平洋副热带高压指数的数值预报误差,改进和优化西太平洋副热带高压的数值预报效果。该方法为副热带高压等复杂天气系统和要素场预报提供了一种新的思路,表现出较好的应用前景。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE PROCESS

The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the process of cell development diabatic heating caused the subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non- geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to trigger convection in this squall line process.     

乌鲁木齐国际机场一次强东南大风天气分析

对乌鲁木齐国际机场2003年11月12日出现的强东南大风天气过程,利用常规天气资料和机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)采集的实时观测资料,对机场东南大风天气形势、机场跑道附近气象要素和水平风切变演变特征、高空风垂直分布特征等方面进行了分析,给出了东南大风的成因。     

STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.     

一种等压面上流场的可视化方法

结合等压面上高度场及其气象要素矢量场数据的空间分布特征，设计了一种能客观反映大气在等压面上的运行规律的可视化方法－表面场线映射，它在气象上有较好的实用价值。     

江淮流域一次特大暴雨的数值模拟及动力分析

以周晓平研制的有限区域细网格数值模式为基础，编制成一个套网格模式，并对１９９１年７月２～３日发生在江淮流域的特大暴雨过程，进行了数值模拟和动力分析。结果表明：低空急流加强，输送了大量暖湿空气并激发强烈的上升运动是造成该区暴雨的主要原因；在该过程中，热成风平衡遭到破坏，其非热成风平衡部分伴随相应的二级环流，也有利于垂直运动的产生。     

基于SVG的空间信息描述与可视化表达

SVG是移动互联时代随时随地获得各种丰富图形信息的有效方法,在LBS系统中,它也可以是空间信息描述与表达的有效方法.本文首先研究了空间信息与SVG标记间的映射关系,其次研究了SVG表示空间信息的生成方法,然后基于SVG的树状结构,在分析XML各种解析模式与图形元素渲染过程的基础上,提出了采用"pull"模式和DVR视图相结合的SVG解析与渲染方法,最后以复杂地物和考虑层控制策略时多层数据的SVG渲染结果,说明采用SVG这种开放的图形格式描述与表达空间信息是可行的,并且在空间信息移动服务中可以解决客户端多样性问题,有利于空间信息服务的普及与推广.