在大洋环流模型中对应于惯性内波破碎的垂直混合的一个参数化方案

Based on the theoretical spectral model of inertial internal wave breaking(fine structure) proposed previously, in which the effects of the horizontal Coriolis frequency component f-tilde on a potential isopycnal are taken into account, a parameterization scheme of vertical mixing in the stably stratified interior below the surface mixed layer in the ocean general circulation model(OGCM) is put forward preliminarily in this paper. Besides turbulence, the impact of sub-mesoscale oceanic processes(including inertial internal wave breaking product) on oceanic interior mixing is emphasized. We suggest that adding the inertial internal wave breaking mixing scheme(F-scheme for short) put forward in this paper to the turbulence mixing scheme of Canuto et al.( T-scheme for short) in the OGCM, except the region from 15°S to 15°N. The numerical results of F-scheme by using WOA09 data and an OGCM(LICOM, LASG/IAP climate system ocean model) over the global ocean are given. A notable improvement in the simulation of salinity and temperature over the global ocean is attained by using T-scheme adding F-scheme, especially in the mid- and high-latitude regions in the simulation of the intermediate water and deep water. We conjecture that the inertial internal wave breaking mixing and inertial forcing of wind might be one of important mechanisms maintaining the ventilation process. The modeling strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) by using T-scheme adding F-scheme may be more reasonable than that by using T-scheme alone, though the physical processes need to be further studied, and the overflow parameterization needs to be incorporated. A shortcoming in F-scheme is that in this paper the error of simulated salinity and temperature by using T-scheme adding F-scheme is larger than that by using T-scheme alone in the subsurface layer.     

Experimental research on horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundationEI北大核心CSCD

In this study, four groups of different types of bridge foundation model are tested to research the horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundation in lab based on the Qiongzhou Strait bridge project. The Q-s curve and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of these four groups of foundations in sandy soil layer are obtained. Pile bending moment and shear force of pile shaft are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the load sharing ratio of caisson and piles is discussed. The results show that the horizontal ultimate bearing capacities of a single caisson foundation are increased by 1.2 times, 1.6 times and 2 times respectively with adding skirts, steel pipe pile, or steel pipe pile and the skirt. The maximum bending moment point is in the middle of the pile shaft, i.e. at about 0.5 m under the mud surface. The horizontal load is borne mainly by the upper caisson foundation and soil layers above the middle upper part of pile. The maximum shear force is found at the joint of pile top of steel pipe and caisson pile, where the reinforcement measures should be taken in practical engineering. The research achievements could provide a better reference for design or construction of caisson-pile composite foundation.     

2021年5月云南漾濞MS 6.4地震序列发震构造及破裂过程初探

北京时间2021年5月21日21时48分36秒,云南省大理州漾濞县发生M_S 6.4地震。利用云南数字地震台网2021年5月18日至8月22日的震相报告,采用双差地震定位法,对漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列进行重新定位。重新定位结果显示序列呈NW向优势分布,破裂长约20 km,宽约7 km,对重新定位结果进行误差分析,水平方向定位误差约为0.8 km,垂直方向定位误差约为1.0 km,定位结果具有较好的稳定性。依据震中分布的走向将序列划分为NW向的主断层与NNW向的分支断层,主断层存在较为明显的分段现象,分支断层呈雁列状分布。根据小震丛集性发生在大震断层面及其附近的原则,利用重新定位后的小震震源位置反演得到漾濞M_S 6.4序列主断层走向约320°,倾角约89°,深度范围3～13 km。根据拟合得到的断层在地表的投影位置,推测本次地震的发震断层为维西-乔后断裂西侧的草坪断裂。基于断层滑动量分布识别出3个凹凸体,结合序列时空演化特征,分析了漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列的破裂过程,结果显示断层中段的凹凸体发生初始破裂...     

Data selection using support vector regression

Geophysical data sets are growing at an ever-increasing rate, requiring computationally efficient data selection(thinning)methods to preserve essential information. Satellites, such as Wind Sat, provide large data sets for assessing the accuracy and computational efficiency of data selection techniques. A new data thinning technique, based on support vector regression(SVR), is developed and tested. To manage large on-line satellite data streams, observations from Wind Sat are formed into subsets by Voronoi tessellation and then each is thinned by SVR(TSVR). Three experiments are performed. The first confirms the viability of TSVR for a relatively small sample, comparing it to several commonly used data thinning methods(random selection, averaging and Barnes filtering), producing a 10% thinning rate(90% data reduction), low mean absolute errors(MAE) and large correlations with the original data. A second experiment, using a larger dataset, shows TSVR retrievals with MAE < 1 m s-1and correlations 0.98. TSVR was an order of magnitude faster than the commonly used thinning methods. A third experiment applies a two-stage pipeline to TSVR, to accommodate online data. The pipeline subsets reconstruct the wind field with the same accuracy as the second experiment, is an order of magnitude faster than the nonpipeline TSVR. Therefore, pipeline TSVR is two orders of magnitude faster than commonly used thinning methods that ingest the entire data set. This study demonstrates that TSVR pipeline thinning is an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to commonly used data selection techniques.     

红河断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布特征研究

利用1999~2013年青藏高原东南缘的GPS速度场观测数据,采用DEFNODE程序反演红河断裂带走滑速率、三维闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布。反演结果表明:红河断裂带北、中、南段右旋走滑速率分别约为(5.9±1.2)mm/a,(4.8±0.6)mm/a和(4.3±0.4)mm/a,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度分别为0.43,0.22和0.25,其滑动亏损速率分别为3.3mm/a,2.6mm/a和2.3mm/a,红河断裂带闭锁程度和应变积累程度都比较低,与近年来红河断裂带整体活动微弱的现状相吻合。     

Pulsations and planets: The asteroseismology‐extrasolar‐planet connection

The disciplines of asteroseismology and extrasolar planet science overlap methodically in the branch of high‐precision photometric time series observations. Light curves are, amongst others, useful to measure intrinsic stellar variability due to oscillations, as well as to discover and characterize those extrasolar planets that transit in front of their host stars, periodically causing shallow dips in the observed brightness. Both fields ultimately derive fundamental parameters of stellar and planetary objects, allowing to study for example the physics of various classes of pulsating stars, or the variety of planetary systems, in the overall context of stellar and planetary system formation and evolution. Both methods typically also require extensive spectroscopic follow‐up to fully explore the dynamic characteristics of the processes under investigation. In particularly interesting cases, a combination of observed pulsations and signatures of a planet allows to characterize a system's components to a very high degree of completeness by combining complementary information. The planning of the relevant space missions has consequently converged with respect to science cases, where at the outset there was primarily a coincidence in instrumentation and techniques. Whether space‐ or ground‐based, a specific type of stellar pulsations can themselves be used in an innovative way to search for extrasolar planets. Results from this additional method at the interface of stellar pulsation studies and exoplanet hunts in a beyond‐mainstream area are presented (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

锦屏一级水电站地下厂房系统对穿预应力锚索孔孔斜控制施工技术

锦屏一级水电站地下厂房洞室主机间、主变室、母线洞等洞室系统的边墙、蚀变岩段和较大断层采用了对穿预应力锚索加强支护。在对穿预应力锚杆的施工过程中,根据不同的地质地层段,采取严格的孔斜控制措施,并不断地改进控制方法,基本解决了对穿预应力锚索造孔孔斜控制的技术问题,满足了设计技术要求,积累了对穿预应力锚索孔斜控制施工经验。     

油藏地质建模及实时跟踪研究

为了提高采收率,降低开发风险,以滩海地区某油田为研究对象,结合地质、测井、地震等资料,对该油藏进行实时跟踪地质特征综合研究。应用地质建模、随钻测井、地质导向等技术,建立了精细的三维地质导向模型,并根据随钻测井数据和综合地质信息,实时验证构造和储集层信息,对导向模型不断校正,使模型与实钻结果一致,还以该模型为基础,优化水平井钻井的前进轨迹。结果表明,此种方法的应用降低了海上油田开发风险,能取得良好的开发效果。     

渤海海域中郯庐深断裂带的结构模型及新生代运动学

郯庐深断裂带自安徽庐江—山东郯城、沂水、安丘一线向北延伸进入渤海海域被新生代盆地沉积层和海水覆盖。根据区域重、磁力异常图解释的渤海海域的郯庐深断裂带位于莱州湾—渤海东部—辽东湾东部一线,总体走向NNE,对应于渤海海域NNE向地幔隆起带的东部斜坡。渤海海域新生代盆地与地幔隆起呈镜像反映,构成古近纪断陷的边界断层包括NE向、NNE向、NEE向、NW向和NWW向等多个方向,且多表现出铲式正断层的几何学、运动学特征。渤海海域新生代盆地在莱州湾—渤海东部—辽东湾东部发育有由2～4条走向NNE向、陡倾斜的基底走滑断层及相关构造变形组成的右旋走滑构造带,位置与区域重磁资料解释的郯庐深断裂带大致相当。综合深层地壳结构和新生代盆地构造特征有理由认为,渤海海域中新生代盆地中的走向NNE向、陡倾斜的基底走滑断层构造带的与深层至少切割莫霍面的深断裂带构成了一条地壳尺度垂向的强变形构造带。渤海海域的郯庐深断裂带在新生代时期郯庐断裂带并非只发生右旋走滑运动,在区域裂陷作用中控制古近纪断陷的伸展断层可能利用了深断裂带在浅层地壳的部分断层面,并且因为伸展位移在中地壳层中发生拆离滑脱,而深断裂带的右旋走滑位移才使浅层断层与深层断层保持紧密联系。     

充气欠平衡钻井液技术在DP4井水平段的应用

DP4井是中石化华北分公司在鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田布置的一口充气欠平衡水平井,该井目的层为盒1段,地层压系数较低,压力系数范围0．83—0．99（平均0．93）,为了有效保护气层,DP4井水平段全过程采用了充气欠平衡钻井工艺技术。欠平衡钻井工艺采用充气钻井液技术,通过该工艺在DP4井的实施,在盒1气层保护上取得较大成功。主要介绍了充气欠平衡钻井液技术的技术工艺、实施过程和现场实施情况,并对充气欠平衡钻井液技术在该井实施效果进行了分析评价。