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161.
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结合工作实践,主要探讨了一级检查在1:5000及1:10000航测外业调绘工作中的应用,并对如何提高产品质量做一定的思考和研究。 相似文献
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The social cost of carbon – i.e., the marginal present-value cost imposed by greenhouse gas emissions – is determined by a complex interaction between factual assumptions, modeling methods, and value judgments. Among the most crucial factors is society's willingness to tolerate potentially catastrophic environmental risks. To explore this issue, the present analysis employs a stochastic climate–economy model that accounts for uncertainties in baseline economic growth, baseline emissions, greenhouse gas mitigation costs, carbon cycling, climate sensitivity, and climate change damages. In this model, preferences are specified to reflect the high degree of risk aversion revealed by private investment decisions, signaled by the large observed gap between the average rates of return paid by safe and risky financial instruments. In contrast, most climate–economy models assume much lower risk aversion. Given high risk aversion, the analysis finds that investment in climate stabilization yields especially large net benefits by forestalling low-probability threats to long-run human well-being. Accordingly, the social cost of carbon attains the markedly high value of $25,700 per metric ton of carbon dioxide in a baseline scenario in which emissions are unregulated. This value falls to just $4 per ton as the stringency of control measures is successively increased. These results cast doubt on the idea that the social cost of carbon takes on a uniquely defined, objective value that is independent of policy decisions. This does not, however, rule out the use of carbon prices to achieve the benefits of climate stabilization using least-cost mitigation measures. 相似文献
166.
利用常规观测观测资料、每隔6小时一次的1°*1°NCEP再分析资料以及相当黑体温度TBB对2011年10月6—7日预报偏差较大的广西区域性暴雨进行分析得出:副热带高压边缘的东南气流和台风“尼格”减弱后的后部偏南气流带来的暖湿空气和地面冷空气在桂中上空交汇,850hPa切变线和500hPa西风槽触发了暴雨的产生;比湿和假相当位温的分布显示了冷暖空气的对峙情况;TBB平均场的变化可以反映强降雨的落区和移动:水汽主要从东边界进人广西,少部分从南边界和北边界进入,来自于西北太平洋、孟加拉湾和东海洋面。 相似文献
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贵港市气象科技服务发展存在的问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对贵港市气象科技服务现状和存在问题的分析总结,提出发展气象科技服务的建议和措施。 相似文献
168.
影响我国北方冬半年气旋的气候特征及年际变率 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
本文首先对气旋进行了客观定义,实现了气旋的自动识别与跟踪算法,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料建立了近60年(1951~2010)我国北方冬半年气旋活动数据集。对气旋的气候特征与年际变率进行了探讨。结果表明:蒙古国中西部、雅布洛诺夫山脉东麓等为主要气旋源地;蒙古国东南部、内蒙古东南部、松嫩平原是气旋活跃区;内蒙古东南部、东北地区中北部为气旋消亡区与快速填塞区;初春、仲秋季节气旋较活跃,冬季气旋最少;随季节推移,气旋活动区域向南、向东推进;气旋移动以偏东路径居多,其次是东南、东北路径;700 hPa风场对气旋移动趋势具有较好的指示意义;24 h标准加深率大于0.5 Bergeron的快速发展气旋,位于内蒙古东部、东北地区中北部、日本海中部等地;爆发性气旋则主要位于日本海附近,我国大陆极少;极端最强气旋主要集中在1980年代以前的仲秋与初春;1980年代以来,气旋频次相对较少,强气旋有逐渐增加的趋势;气旋频次减少与东亚中高纬度大气低层斜压性减弱有关。 相似文献
169.
Hydrodynamic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There are two plays in the Dabashan foreland tectonic belt: the upper and the lower plays. The lower play experienced one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, two burial hydrodynamic stages, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and two infiltration hydrodynamic stages from the Sinian to the Cenozoic, while the upper play had one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, one burial hydrodynamic stage, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and one infiltration hydrodynamic stage from the Permian to the Cenozoic. Extensive flows of both sedimentary water, including hydrocarbons, and deep mantle fluid occurred in the Chengkou faults during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, and fluid flow was complicated during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic. In addition to these movements, infiltration and movement of meteoric water took place in the Chengkou faults, whereas in the covering-strata decollement tectonic belt, extensive sedimentary water flow (including hydrocarbons) occurred mainly in the Zhenba and Pingba faults. During the stage of rapid uplift and exhumation from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic, the fluid flow was characterized mainly by infiltration of meteoric water and gravity-induced flow caused by altitude difference, whereas sedimentary water flow caused by tectonic processes was relatively less significant. Sedimentary water flow was more significant to the lower play in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, but its influence is relatively slight on the upper play. On one hand, hydrodynamics during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic adjusted, reformed or oven destroyed oil reservoirs in the lower play; on the other hand, it drove large amounts of hydrocarbons to migrate laterally and vertically and is favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Infiltration hydrodynamics mainly adjusted and destroyed oil reservoirs from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic. 相似文献
170.