MZ150型全液压多功能锚杆钻机的研制

ＭＺ－１５０型全液压多功能锚杆钻机由变角机构、动力头回转机构、给进机构等几部分组成,采用液压传动方式,对钻机的总体方案,机构设计及主要参数作了介绍。亲机经过工业性试验,效果良好。     

A Light Portable Steam-driven Ice Drill Suitable for Drilling Holes in Ice and Firn

The purpose of this contribution is to explain the characteristics of a newly developed ice drill which is particularly geared to the needs of glaciologists. It is primarily designed for drilling holes for ablation stakes and for measuring water levels or temperatures in firn areas. Its distinguishing features are its light weight, making it easy to carry even over long distances, and the variety of tasks to which it can be adjusted. Furthermore, it is easy to operate even by one person.
Water is heated in a boiler by two gas flames to produce steam, which flows through an insulated hose to a nozzle. When the valve is opened the issuing steam condenses, and the heat released in the process melts the ice. The heater is constructed in such a way that it can easily be adapted to any form of gas supply locally available. It can be used for drilling in ice as well as in firn. The maximum drilling depth is 13 m in ice and 30 m in firn; hole diameters range from 25 to 45 mm. Mean drilling time is 16 min for 6 m, 35 min for 12 m in ice. The total weight is somewhat less than 16 kg, including all parts needed for drilling holes of 10 m in depth as well as the gas supply for one day. In recent years, devices of this type have been used successfully by scientists in various glaciated regions.     

The Tarfala Mass Balance Programme

The Tarfala mass balance programme currently comprises seven glaciers distributed in two, one southerly and one northerly, east-west trending profiles. Of the studied glaciers, Storglaciären has the longest record spanning 1945 to present. The purpose of the programme is to study gradients in mass balance parameters across the northern Scandinavian mountains. The measurements of both winter and summer balance are carried out with significant redundancy each year. In order to maintain such a large programme with limited personnel, different measurement techniques and strategies are applied to the different glaciers according to a priority scale. Storglaciären is the most important glacier in the network and is measured with high accuracy and measurement density. Storglaciren is also used as a reference for all other glaciers in the programme. The other glaciers have sparser measurement systems and are sometimes measured using alternative methods such as snow radar. In general, Swedish glaciers are still responding to the major climatic warming around 1910–1920 by retreat, and the effect of very long response times. However, measured volume change indicates that most glaciers are close to or varying around a quasi-steady state.     

泥浆对钻头WC基胎体材料冲蚀磨损的试验研究

采用双喷嘴闭路循环试验装置,测试了钻头胎体材料在泥浆冲蚀作用下所产生的总质量损失TML和由纯机械冲刷作用所产生的质量损失E。通过计算得到了由腐蚀及机械冲刷与腐蚀相互作用所产生的质量损失C+S。结果表明,钻头胎体材料的冲蚀磨损不是纯由机械冲刷作用引起,而是由机械冲刷、腐蚀及他们的相互作用共同引起。因此,在有腐蚀性的泥浆中设计和选用PDC (金刚石复合片)钻头时,除了考虑胎体材料的抗冲刷磨损性能外,还应考虑钻头胎体材料的抗腐蚀性。      

双管钻机夹持卸扣装置的有限元分析及优化

夹持卸扣装置是双管钻机的重要组成部分,主要用于夹持孔内钻具,配合回转器实现机械拧卸钻杆的功能,其性能的好坏将直接影响整机的性能、钻进效率以及钻孔质量等。为验证设计结构的功能和质量,缩短研发周期,提出应用ABAQUS软件对夹持卸扣装置进行有限元分析和优化。结果表明优化后的结构满足安全系数的要求,为夹持卸扣装置的结构设计和优化提供了借鉴,同时为双管钻机的整体可靠性提供了保障。     

热德拜油田水平井优快钻井配套技术

为加快热德拜油田水平井钻井开发步伐,通过对岩石力学特性、岩石理化特性、井眼轨道、钻具组合、钻头选型等方面的研究,形成了以PDC钻头复合钻井技术、井眼轨迹控制技术、防漏堵漏钻井液技术、筛管顶部双级注水泥固井技术等为主的科学、合理的配套工艺技术,并应用于现场施工,加快了热德拜水平井开发步伐,节约了开发成本。2012年水平井平均钻井周期为42.96天,完井周期53.38天;2013年水平井平均钻井缩短至19.58天;完井周期37天,同比钻井周期缩短54.4％,完井周期缩短41.1％。     

一种同轴双向回转模式的钻具结构设计及振动模拟

钻进时的振动会引起钻具疲劳失效和损坏,为提高井下钻具的稳定性,本文设计了依靠行星齿轮系驱动内外钻头同轴双向回转的钻具结构。通过对其核心的齿轮、密封、轴承等部件进行的强度校核,证明该结构的设计强度能够满足正常的使用工况。同时基于数值模拟对该结构的振动效果进行了验证,将钻进时钻头与岩石的相互作用简化为简谐荷载,对双向回转钻具整体结构进行谐响应分析。结果显示,相比于普通单向回转钻进结构,同等条件下双向回转的钻具结构能够有效抑制扭转振动。     

煤层气井专用DST测试设备研制及应用

常规DST地层测试工具不适用于煤层气井。为了解决煤层气井DST测试中的难题,避免井下开关井困难和动作管柱误操作,通过对DST测试理论及煤储层特征的分析,研制出外膨胀式封隔器和井下电磁开关阀组成的煤层气井DST测试专用设备,并对目标煤层进行了DST测试。研究结果表明:煤层气井DST测试专用设备结构简单,操作方便;其测试结果可靠,工期短,成本低;适用于煤层裸眼测试和套管测试。      

YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机的研制与应用

根据我国矿产资源勘探开发现状,通过对国内外现有岩心钻机的对比分析,研制了YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机,其特点为高效、轻便、易搬运、模块化、全液压顶驱式。通过机电液测控技术、虚拟仪器技术、Internet网络技术,对钻机运行及钻进过程中相关数据进行采集、分析、处理,完成钻机故障诊断和故障处理、孔内工况识别和典型工况自动处理、钻进规程参数优化、远程数据传输及监控等任务目标,实现钻进过程自动化控制。钻机于2013年在山东省威海市进行了野外生产试验,展示出优良性能、高效率和高可靠性,取得了良好的经济技术效果。实践证明：YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机设计布局合理,性能优良,用途广泛,可靠性高,机械化程度高,制造质量总体水平高,对钻探工艺适应性强,是高山交通不便矿区勘探较为理想的新一代钻探设备。