基于WebGIS的农村集体土地确权登记发证综合管理信息系统的研究与实现

农村集体土地确权登记发证是维护农民权益、促进农村社会和谐稳定的现实需要,为确保农村集体土地登记发证工作顺利进行,规范土地登记发证行为,防止和减少土地权属纠纷,促进经济社会的可持续发展。本文通过利用WebGIS,Web Service等技术研究开发了基于WebGIS的农村集体土地确权登记发证综合管理信息系统,为建设城乡一体化及不动产统一基础平台建设打下基础。     

地理学发展视角下的历史流域研究

流域是地理学研究的重要区域单元,是区域响应的敏感区和研究热点,许多地区的自然灾害与人为损害都与流域的历史演变紧密相关。近年来出现的历史流域研究,就是对这种现象进行科学规律探寻的反映。由于这一研究涉及到自然、历史、社会、文化、管理、生态等多学科领域,枝叶浩繁。因此,仅从地理学发展的视角,揭示流域研究的地理特征、流域演变多种因素的相互作用,以及人类发展与历史流域的耦合关系。历史流域研究也具备地理学研究和发展的特点,具有综合性、历史演变性、空间相对稳定性、应用性等研究特征。在地理学发展视角下开展历史流域研究,对拓展地理研究思维,具有一定的实践意义,为流域的综合管理和可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Inelastic response spectrum: Early history

Detailing the time period from, roughly, 1950 through 1980, this Historical Note documents the development of the initial concept of the inelastic response spectrum and how it evolved to become the basis for rational procedures for earthquake‐resistant design, which are used even today. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云梦泽与荆江三角洲的历史变迁

本文通过对大量地质地貌、考古和文史资料的综合考证与分析,讨论了(1)云梦泽的形成、范围与兴衰历史;(2)荆江三角洲变迁的过程、阶段与特征;(3)荆江三角洲与洪涝灾害;(4)江湖历史变迁与问题思考等。     

The central European flood of 1572 and its local-scale effects as revealed by a damage inventory

ABSTRACT

A cyclone in July 1572 caused a catastrophic flood in the catchments of the Upper Danube and Vltava rivers. A previously unpublished inventory dating to 1574 enabled local-scale insight into the effects of the cyclone. The degree of destruction was inventoried for 355 subjects of the Benedictine Abbey of Admont, Austria. The location of 150 damaged buildings was possible due to registers, cadastres and other geographical sources. Spatial analysis revealed that most of the properties damaged were located near watercourses at alluvial fans. A significantly greater amount of damage was revealed for properties, which would be nowadays located in moderate- and high-risk hazard zones. Only 18.7% of the properties damaged in 1572 were located inside modern hazard zones. By using methodological approaches of history, environmental history and geography, we show that it is possible at local scale to reconstruct the spatial pattern, magnitude and intensity of a cyclone ca. 450 years after the event.     

基于地方志的1736-1911年华北秋粮丰歉指数序列重建及其与气候变化的关系

粮食作物的收成丰歉与气候要素的关联是研究历史时期气候变化社会影响的重要切入点。利用清代地方志中的收成丰歉记录,以语义差异法对收成等级进行区分,重建了1736-1911年华北地区秋粮丰收和歉收指数序列,定量分析收成变化特征及其与同期温度和降水变化的关系,并对比以往常用的官方收成分数奏报记录,探讨地方志资料在重建历史粮食收成变化中的优势和不足。结果表明：① 地方志中的歉收记录相比丰收记录更为可靠,重建的歉收指数序列可在相当程度上描述总体收成的变化,就宏观趋势而言,19世纪歉收风险相比18世纪显著增加。② 歉收指数序列与10年、5年尺度的温度变化均呈显著负相关关系,反映气候转冷可显著提升歉收风险;在年际尺度上,歉收指数序列与降水呈显著负相关,与旱灾指数序列的相关系数则达到0.71（p < 0.001）,体现出极端旱灾对于华北粮食收成的严重威胁。③ 地方志中的收成记录虽在量化精度上不如奏报,但其歉收记录对于极端减产年份的反映更为准确,两者在实际应用中存在一定的互补性。以上结论有助于改进利用历史文献资料研究过去气候变化影响的技术手段,并深化气候变化对过去农业生产系统影响规律的科学认识。     

海雾历史检索数据库的设计和实现

针对我国海雾预报业务及科研需求,收集整理了中国近海最近10年海雾个例数据,开发了海雾个例数据库系统,实现了国家、省、市级预报员和科研人员对海雾个例相关数据的实时调阅和打包下载。系统提供不同检索条件的多功能查询和海雾个例的实时查阅以及历史数据、卫星监测产品等资料的下载功能。为预报员更有效地开展实时预报提供了便捷参考,也为科研人员从事海雾研究提供了详细和全面的观测数据和分析产品支撑。     

2006年重庆大旱的历史透视

对过去1千年重庆干旱记录分析表明:2006年在重庆及其周边地区所发生的"特大干旱"事件在历史上曾经多次出现,并非历史仅见。这样极端气候事件的发生仅仅是气候波动中一个正常的自然现象,无论是干旱的持续时间、严重程度,还是发生的范围都可能并未超出气候波动的正常幅度。     

Flood/drought change of last millennium in the Yangtze Delta and its possible connections with Tibetan climatic changes

Flood/drought series during the past 1000 yrs in the Yangtze Delta, China, was reconstructed based on historical documents and local chronologies. Continuous wavelet transform was applied to detect the periodicity and variability of the flood/drought series. Research results indicate that: (1) Larger fluctuations of climatic changes in the Tibetan Plateau result in higher wavelet variance of flood/drought in the Yangtze Delta, for example, during 1400–1700, the proxy indicators indicate that the annual temperature in Tibet experienced larger variability and that this time interval exactly corresponds to the time when the higher and significant wavelet variance occurred; (2) Periods featured by colder temperature in the Tibetan Plateau usually correspond to periods characterized by higher wetness with higher probability of flood events; (3) Variability of heating features of the Tibetan Plateau exerted great influences on intensity and onset of Indian monsoon and south Asian summer monsoon, and these atmospheric activities are in direct connection with precipitation in Eastern China. Current global warming may alter the snow mass of Tibetan Plateau and then alters the heating features of Tibetan Plateau, which may in turn impact flood/drought conditions in the Yangtze Delta.     

基于GIS的历史文化街区避难空间适灾规划研究 ——以天津市历史文化街区为例

历史文化街区房屋建筑密度大,内部空间狭小,疏散难度较大,现有避难空间难以满足地震避难要求,提高历史文化街区抗震韧性势在必行.面向历史文化街区,以避难空间的评价与规划方法为研究对象,基于ArcGIS 10.2对研究区域道路网络与环境要素进行空间建模,在归纳分析与专项分析的基础上建立避难空间评价量化指标,运用空间网络与叠置...