我国专题地图集发展与趋势分析

专题地图集伴随着社会经济变革而发展,其服务功能已经扩大到政府决策、经济建设和民众生活等领域,在当代社会生活中发挥了越来越重要的作用。文章分析了新中国成立以来专题地图集发展过程与历史趋势,探讨了新时期专题地图集选题思想和设计理念的变化。     

Project management of mapping projects in developing countries in Africa

Abstract

Most projects which involve planning of rural areas and towns in developing countries require maps, but many of these countries do not have sufficient large-scale mapping suitable for this purpose, or maps which are up-to-date. With environmental-friendly projects becoming highly desirable, up-to-date and accurate maps are vital. As most large scale mapping projects require technical assistance, this paper discusses aid agreements with donor countries. These opportunities could be of benefit to private entrepreneurs. This paper also examines the project management approach for introducing mapping projects to developing countries. It makes special reference to a large mapping project in Zimbabwe in which the author was personally involved.     

THE ORIGINS OF PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHERS IN THE UNITED STATES 1972–1977

The two following reports offer complementary perspectives on the spatial distribution of geographers in the United States. The first of these looks at the changing sources of doctoral degrees and the second addresses the question of where degree holders are currently most successful in practicing their profession.     

Forest transition and biogeographic meaning of the current laurel forest landscape in Canary Islands,Spain

This study provides a geographical synthesis of the current natural landscape dynamics of the Canarian laurel forest based on the results of a biogeographic study of its structure, composition, and dynamics. Historical socioeconomic changes and recent environmental conservation strategies have led to natural forest dynamics that make it necessary to change our current scientific conception of the Canarian laurel forest landscape. According to the forest transition theory, in the protected areas of Anaga and Teno Rural Parks (Tenerife) and Garajonay National Park (La Gomera), the forest reaction to the gradual abandonment of economic activity reveals how strongly human activity has shaped the features of the laurel forest, which traditionally has been considered to be relatively untouched by humankind. How natural disturbances have affected this forest over the past few years has also contributed to a better understanding of its dynamics. This study explains the key patterns of spontaneous dynamics in the Canarian laurel forest to enrich our understanding of this forest and its landscape, while highlighting the importance of human activity as the catalyst for its current vigorous dynamics.     

《金史》《元史》天象记录的统计分析

在用现代天文计算方法全部检验的基础上,分类统计和分析《金史》和《元史》各种天象记录的数量和特征。统计中将所有天象记录分为可计算检验和不可计算检验2大类,并计算了各种记录的错误率,大多数错误记录可以考出其原貌。搜索了《金史》、《元史》以外的金元天象记录。     

Automatic alignment of contemporary vector data and georeferenced historical maps using reinforcement learning

ABSTRACT

With large amounts of digital map archives becoming available, automatically extracting information from scanned historical maps is needed for many domains that require long-term historical geographic data. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are powerful techniques that can be used for extracting locations of geographic features from scanned maps if sufficient representative training data are available. Existing spatial data can provide the approximate locations of corresponding geographic features in historical maps and thus be useful to annotate training data automatically. However, the feature representations, publication date, production scales, and spatial reference systems of contemporary vector data are typically very different from those of historical maps. Hence, such auxiliary data cannot be directly used for annotation of the precise locations of the features of interest in the scanned historical maps. This research introduces an automatic vector-to-raster alignment algorithm based on reinforcement learning to annotate precise locations of geographic features on scanned maps. This paper models the alignment problem using the reinforcement learning framework, which enables informed, efficient searches for matching features without pre-processing steps, such as extracting specific feature signatures (e.g. road intersections). The experimental results show that our algorithm can be applied to various features (roads, water lines, and railroads) and achieve high accuracy.     

中国历史时期沙尘暴研究进展

随着人类社会对生态环境的日益重视,学者也开展了中国历史时期沙尘暴的研究。探讨了历史时期沙尘暴的起因、特点和规律等问题,但是存在着不同的学术观点,需要采用新的研究方法,进行多角度、深层次的研究。     

内蒙古宁城西公元1290年地震考察

1.1 史料及烈度评定 有关内蒙古宁城西公元1290年地震的史料见于《元史·世祖记》: "［至元二十七年］八月癸巳, 地大震, 武平尤甚, 压死按察司官及总管府官王连等及民七千二百二十人, 坏仓库局四百八十间, 民居不可胜计".     

利用现代小地震分布研究1861年辽宁普兰店东6级地震的震中位置和发震构造

1861年7月19日发生在辽宁省普兰店东的6级地震在不同目录及研究中给出的震中位置有很大差异。总结以往对此次地震震中位置的研究,大致涉及4个不同地点。本文对分布在该区的现代小震进行重新定位,结果表明,小震活动在普兰店以东地区形成明显的北西向优势分布。综合分析1861年普兰店东6级地震的主要破裂方向为北西向,受北东向金州断裂北西向普兰店长海断裂的双重控制。     

THE STORM OF NOVEMBER 1826 IN THE CANARY ISLANDS: POSSIBLY A TROPICAL CYCLONE?

This work analyses a storm that occurred in the Canary Islands early in November 1826. Through a study based on historical climate data, some of the adverse effects of the storm are described and some of the possible causes are discussed. The main goal of this work is to establish an approximate reconstruction of this historical event which will allow us to compare it to a recent meteorological event that had a great impact on the archipelago: “Tropical Storm Delta”, in November 2005. Studying and reviewing the origin of the 1826 storm verifies the hypothesis that extremely violent perturbations have not only occurred in the Canaries on other occasions, but that these past events were also more intense and had more serious consequences than Delta. Therefore, the idea that other tropical perturbations have occurred in the region of the Canary Islands before Delta is presented.