历史地理学信息化若干问题的探讨

信息技术应用的日益普及为中国历史地理学发展提供了可选择的途径。在社会需要、信息源、技术方法等因素的支持下 ,开展历史地理学信息化已具备了可行性 ,应结合具体实例在历史政区、气候、人口、土地等专题开展 GIS技术应用 ,以及推广数字地图、图像处理技术应用。在实践中不断解决历史文献的信息精度等问题 ,推动学科方法论的进步。     

鄂尔多斯高原秦汉遗址空间分布及环境指示意义

人类活动遗址是反映过去人类生产、生活环境的重要指标。基于野外调查、文献资料整理和城市地理学相关理论,分析了鄂尔多斯高原168处秦汉聚落遗址的空间分布特征。结果表明,遗址空间结构呈典型的十字模式分布,其中心为今东胜区、伊金霍洛旗所在。秦汉遗址的分布密集区,以鄂尔多斯高原东部的黄土丘陵山地、毛乌素沙地和库布齐沙漠的中间地带为主。库布齐沙漠流动沙丘区没有遗址分布,毛乌素沙地内部尽管分布有不少遗址,但规模相对较小,不存在大型遗址,可能只是区域连接的中转站,不具备区域中心功能。这一分布模式或表明毛乌素沙地在秦汉时期的环境并不宜居,该研究为长期以来鄂尔多斯高原秦汉时期人类活动的环境影响争论提供了新视角。     

历史时期我国沙尘暴东渐的原因分析

对历史时期我国沙尘暴发生的特点进行初步总结的结果显示:自汉代之后,沙尘暴发生的范围开始向东扩展,至元明清时期,其发生范围扩展到几乎整个华北地区.这一发展趋势虽与气候的冷暖干湿变化密切相关,但农业经济开发活动向西北地区的转移也是重要原因之一.     

基于GIS技术的福州"三坊七巷"保护性改造规划与管理研究

阐述了地理信息系统技术在福州市“三坊七巷”古城保护规划和改造过程中的应用。并就如何利用GIS的丰富表现力与数据分析、空间数据挖掘及城市规划有机结合进行探讨,从而更好地为福州市“三坊七巷”的改造和规划提供辅助决策支持服务。     

Follow the road: historical GIS for evaluating the development of routes in the Negev region during the twentieth century

ABSTRACT

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a British mapping team led by Captain S. F. Newcombe surveyed and mapped the Negev region, Sinai, and western Jordan. The map was mainly produced for military use. Consequently, it included a network of branched routes, water supplies and facilities, and topographic contours. This study used this map to examine the development of routes in the Negev region between the beginning of and until the end of the twentieth century. First, the individual sheets comprising the study area were pieced together and the accuracy of the map was evaluated. The accuracy found on the Newcombe map was 0.76 mm on the map scale, equivalent to 100.3 m. Route development during the twentieth century was then evaluated by comparing the routes digitized from the Newcombe map to digitized routes on a late twentieth-century map. The results do not reveal tremendous changes in path, shape, or number of routes. Instead, they merely indicate the natural development in their quality. This Historical GIS-based approach provided a useful technique for analyzing and comparing the line segments extracted from historical and modern maps. The implemented approach may also serve other geographical or historical studies aiming to examine the development of branched networks throughout history.     

The Contribution of the Cartographic Visualisation in Understanding the Historical Geography of an Old Land Property Regime in Mouth Athos (Karyes)

Abstract

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The peninsula of Mount Athos is the largest monastic gathering of Modern Orthodoxy in the world, operating continually under the same regime since 883 AD. Focusing on Mount Athos, this paper attempts to examine the spatial regime continuation and identify the relation to what is considered to be a small residential unit around a central church (Protatos) within the limits of the Athos peninsula. The paper investigates the delimitation of the area, mapping and recording the relevant changes cartographically. At the same time, the paper creates a cadastral plan of the present regime, recording real estate owners in a cadastral table. Finally, the paper focuses on the significance of the findings to the historical geography of Athos, as well as the emergence of a new ‘area’, added to the twenty monasteries of the peninsula after 1450.     

藏南地区历史地图地名表达研究

针对目前我国公开出版的地图在藏南地区仅表示9个地名,远远不符合地图表达规则的问题,该文通过对藏南地区部分历史地图上地名的表达来探索藏南地名的合理表达。通过研究,该文获取了该区近100条历史地名,为地名合理表达提供了参考依据;同时,对这些地名的研究中,该文发现藏南地区地名烙上了中国印记,具有中国基因。     

Multi-frame and multi-dimensional historical digital cities: the Como example

In this article, we present the realisation of a multi-frame and multi-dimensional WebGIS that allows users to simultaneously analyse a specific portion of the Earth taking into account the historical information, too. Two graphical panels have been realised: one for the usual 2D view and one for a more realistic 3D view. Both panels display historical maps of the city, the current orthophoto and the digital topographical map. The 3D frame is based on NASA World Wind, an open source virtual globe from where 3D buildings are shown extruding the 2D shapes using their mean height. Thanks to a specifically designed graphical user interface, it is also possible to dynamically thematise the buildings on the globe according to different criteria (e.g. the construction time span) so that only the geometries fulfilling the request are turned on. Within the proposed application, a synchronisation between the two panels has been implemented, in order to maintain a constant alignment of the two viewers. The application is also open to the time dimension. In fact, assigning to each geometry two dates (e.g. ‘year of construction’ and ‘year of demolition’), it is possible to dynamically view how buildings have changed over time, both in their shape and height. Future developments of this work will concern the possibility of implementing a city model with a higher level of detail.     

浅谈城镇土地权属调查

本文从实际生产的角度阐述了城镇土地权属调查的工作流程、调查的工作程序、宗地划分的一般原则,并结合各地一些宗地处理的特殊方式以及解决问题的一些策略,对实际生产具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Variations in the summer monsoon rainbands across eastern China over the past 300 years

Based on reconstructions of precipitation events from the rain and snowfall archives of the Qing Dynasty (1736–1911),the drought/flood index data mainly derived from Chinese local gazettes from 1736–2000, and the observational data gathered since 1951,the spatial patterns of monsoon rainbands are analyzed at different time scales.Findings indicate that monsoon rainfall in northern China and the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River have significant inter-annual(e.g.,5–7-yr and 2–4-yr)as well as inter-de...