东濮断陷湖盆兰聊陡坡带扇体形成机制及成藏规律研究

陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带由于具有特殊的构造背景,在下降盘易发育各种类型的砂砾岩扇体,且具有很好的含油气前景,近几年各大油田也都将其作为增储上产的重要勘探领域．但由于这些扇体一般都具有较大的隐蔽性,而且控制影响因素复杂,尤其是对于为数较多的受高角度大断层控制的断陷湖盆,在陡坡带进行砂砾岩扇体的勘探具有更大的风险性．本文运用层序地层学、地震精细描述等勘探新理论、新技术和新方法,结合生产实际,对东濮凹陷高角度兰聊陡坡带砂砾岩扇体形成机制及成藏规律进行了多学科综合研究,查明了扇体的成因机制、控制因素、分布规律,并进一步探讨了扇体成藏机理和成藏规律,为下一步勘探指明了有利方向和钻探目标,期望为国内外同类盆地陡坡带油气资源的勘探也提供了一定的借鉴．     

渤海海域前新生代基底特征及其油气勘探意义

基于渤海钻井资料和三维地震资料,梳理了渤海海域前新生代基底岩性、地层、结构、构造特征。将渤海基底划分为前寒武系、古生界、中生界三个构造层,论述了各个构造层残余地层分布特征,并将基底结构分为三种类型,单层型、双层型、三层型。基底构造演化表现为“垂直升降→强烈挤压→局部伸展→强烈伸展反转→整体隆升→‘伸展+走滑’复合改造”6大阶段。结合薄片及物性资料探索了基岩储层发育规律,单层型前寒武系变质岩、双层型顶部的碳酸盐岩或火山岩、三层型顶部中生界火山岩为有利的勘探目标。围绕在富烃凹陷周边的潜山,在岩性和供油窗口耦合的情况下,具有良好的勘探前景。     

东营凹陷南坡东段潜山地层划分与残留地层展布

东营凹陷南坡东段的潜山勘探程度很低,复杂的残留地层结构及其发育模式认识不清严重制约着潜山的精细勘探。综合应用野外标准岩石地层对比、古生物群落时代划分及不整合测井综合分层等技术,重新厘定研究区的深部层系地层归属与划分方案。在此基础上,应用构造演化恢复技术搞清多期构造运动对地层剥蚀、残留的控制作用,最终明确残留地层平面的展布特征。研究表明,研究区中生界残留地层仅分布在王古2井区以北地区,南部草桥-王家岗南部广大地区则为上古生界地层;由于研究区遭受印支运动挤压成山、燕山运动拉张裂陷等多幕构造运动影响,残留地层表现为近北西向“跷跷板”状的地层产状模式。该成果可为东营凹陷的复杂潜山油气藏勘探提供理论指导。     

陆相裂谷盆地构造沉积学特征:以松辽盆地伏龙泉断陷为例

构造沉积学不仅强调大地构造背景条件对盆地演化的控制作用,同时还注重盆地内部的构造特征与沉积充填特征之间的控制及响应关系研究。陆相裂谷盆地发育过程中,构造作用强烈,盆地沉积充填过程复杂,进行构造沉积学研究对揭示盆地构造沉积演化过程具有重要意义。以大量地震、钻测井资料为基础,结合大地构造背景资料,研究松辽盆地伏龙泉断陷发育过程中的构造、沉积演化特征,分析构造活动与沉积作用之间的响应及控制关系,并由此讨论半地堑陆相湖盆的沉积充填演化规律及其控制因素。研究表明,在伏龙泉断陷盆地演化过程中,早期的火山岩隆起对盆地初始裂陷期形态具有明显的影响作用;边界断层的分布及其生长速率特征则对盆地结构演化过程起着首要的控制作用。盆地裂陷期,研究区古气候环境比较稳定,构造因素是控制该陆相裂谷盆地地层序列与沉积特征的首要因素;断裂发育特征决定了盆地的古地貌特征,而盆地的古地貌特征直接影响着盆地内部的沉积充填类型与沉积体系展布格局;区域构造抬升与断块掀斜是该半地堑盆地内部发育不整合面的主要因素。在陆相裂陷盆地的构造沉积特征研究中,构造沉积学显示出了其必要性与适用性,有利于在揭示构造沉积现象的同时,合理解释其地质成因。     

基于2 SFCA 和 Model Builder 的城市餐饮服务业可达性建模分析

城市餐饮服务业是第三产业的重要支柱。合理地分析城市餐饮服务业在空间上的可达性是合理规划产业布局的重要前提,也是商家选址的重要依据。本文采用两步移动搜索分析法（2SFCA）,基于Python语言和ArcGIS的Model Builder建模,以镇江城区为例,采用不同的服务半径阈值,分析了目前镇江城区的餐饮服务业可达性分异情况。研究结果表明：商家服务能力的提升和消费者的生活习惯很大程度影响着餐饮业的可达性指数,Model Builder的流程化建模在一定程度上简化了传统操作流程。     

Constraints on the mineralization processes of the Makeng iron deposit,eastern China: Fluid inclusion,H–O isotope and magnetite trace element analysis

The Makeng iron deposit is located in the Yong’an-Meizhou depression belt in Fujian Province, eastern China. Both skarn alteration and iron mineralization are mainly hosted within middle Carboniferous-lower Permian limestone. Five paragenetic stages of skarn formation and ore deposition have been recognized: Stage 1, early skarn (andradite–grossular assemblage); Stage 2, magnetite mineralization (diopside–magnetite assemblage); Stage 3, late skarn (amphibole–chlorite–epidote–johannsenite–hedenbergite–magnetite assemblage); Stage 4, sulfide mineralization (quartz–calcite–fluorite–chlorite–pyrite–galena–sphalerite assemblage); and Stage 5, carbonate (quartz–calcite assemblage). Fluid inclusion studies were carried out on inclusions in diopside from Stage 2 and in quartz, calcite, and fluorite from Stage 4.Halite-bearing (Type 1) and coexisting two-phase vapor-rich aqueous (Type 3) inclusions in the magnetite stage display homogenization temperatures of 448–564 °C and 501–594 °C, respectively. Salinities range from 26.5 to 48.4 and 2.4 to 6.9 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Two-phase liquid-rich aqueous (Type 2b) inclusions in the sulfide stage yield homogenization temperatures and salinities of 182–343 °C and 1.9–20.1 wt% NaCl equivalent. These fluid inclusion data indicate that fluid boiling occurred during the magnetite stage and that fluid mixing took place during the sulfide stage. The former triggered the precipitation of magnetite, and the latter resulted in the deposition of Pb, Zn, and Fe sulfides. The fluids related to magnetite mineralization have δ¹⁸O_fluid-VSMOW of 6.7–9.6‰ and δD of −96 to −128‰, which are interpreted to indicate residual magmatic water from magma degassing. In contrast, the fluids related to the sulfide mineralization show δ¹⁸O_fluid-VSMOW of −0.85 to −1.04‰ and δD of −110 to −124‰, indicating that they were generated by the mixing of magmatic water with meteoric water. Magnetite grains from Stage 2 exhibit oscillatory zoning with compositional variations in major elements (e.g., SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO, and MnO) from core to rim, which is interpreted as a self-organizing process rather than a dissolution-reprecipitation process. Magnetite from Stage 3 replaces or crosscuts early magnetite, suggesting that later hydrothermal fluid overprinted and caused dissolution and reprecipitation of Stage 2 magnetite. Trace element data (e.g., Ti, V, Ca, Al, and Mn) of magnetite from Stages 2 and 3 indicate a typical skarn origin.     

东营凹陷博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝优质储层形成机理与分布特征

综合运用岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、岩石物性测试以及试油结果等分析方法,对东营凹陷博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝中深部储层基本特征进行了研究。结果表明：滩坝中深部储层主要为低孔低渗储层,储集空间表现为原生孔隙和次生孔隙并存发育;研究区优质储层的形成机理主要有沉积作用、地层超压、油气充注、酸性溶蚀和绿泥石颗粒包壳;坝主体和滩脊距泥岩层较远部位储层分选好,抗压实能力强,由于酸性溶解对储层的改造以及油气充注对胶结作用的抑制,中深层仍发育大量原生孔隙和次生孔隙,储层物性较好,并在异常超压和绿泥石颗粒包壳的保护下保存至今并成为有效优质储层;坝主体和滩脊距泥岩层较近部位储层,由于早期强烈的碳酸盐胶结作用并形成致密胶结壳,导致现今储层物性极差,主要发育无效储层;坝侧缘以及滩席储层原始沉积条件差,杂基含量高,在埋藏过程中以压实作用和泥质碳酸盐胶结作用为主,溶解作用微弱,现今物性差,从浅层到深层基本全为无效储层。博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝优质储层主要分布在厚层坝主体和滩脊砂体的中部位置。     

北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近系构造发育特征及其对沉积的控制作用

北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近系NE-NEE 向断裂控制凸凹格局, NEE 与NW 向断裂控制次级构造单元发育展布,整体 表现为一个北西断、南东超、呈NEE 向展布的新生代箕状断陷盆地,其中涠西南凹陷为复式半地堑,海中凹陷为简单半地 堑,而涠西南低凸起为单断式低凸起。研究区古近纪构造演化分为裂陷期（长流组-涠三段沉积期）和断拗转换期（涠二 段-涠一段沉积期）两个阶段,而裂陷期又分为裂陷Ⅰ幕（长流组-流二段沉积期）和裂陷Ⅱ幕（流一段-涠三段沉积期）。 响应于盆地结构特征和构造演化,研究区在裂陷Ⅰ幕,构造活动强烈,形成了统一湖盆,沿陡坡处发育较多扇三角洲、近 岸水下扇,缓坡则为辫状河三角洲,洼陷内主要为湖相及少量湖底扇;裂陷Ⅱ幕,构造活动较强,涠西南低凸起出露水面 而对涠西南凹陷与海中凹陷起一定分隔作用,在陡坡处仍发育有较多近岸水下扇、扇三角洲,缓坡处主要为大型辫状河三 角洲,而洼陷内为湖相与较多湖底扇,且沿涠西南凹陷长轴方向发育大型辫状河三角洲和曲流河三角洲;断拗转换期,构 造活动微弱,整体以滨浅湖亚相为主,陡坡和缓坡都发有大量辫状河三角洲,涠西南低凸起仍暴露水面而遭受剥蚀。     

辽河大民屯凹陷中央构造带太古宇变质岩储层岩性特征分析

综合分析录井、测井、地震、岩心与分析化验等资料,对大民屯凹陷中央构造带太古宇变质岩储层岩性类型、空间分布、岩性对储层的控制作用进行了研究。研究认为：本区太古宇变质岩岩性分为三大类18种,主要有混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩、混合岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、浅粒岩、角闪岩、变粒岩,夹丰富不均一的基性脉岩和碎裂岩。有效储层岩性为碎裂化混合花岗岩与碎裂化变粒岩、浅粒岩、片麻岩;变质岩在垂向上（由下至上）分为多个岩性段,从混合花岗岩至浅粒岩与风化壳,垂向上可进行类似于沉积岩层序的地层对比,岩性在平面上也呈现分区性。变质岩体在岩性上是不均一的、非均质的块体。矿物种类和岩石类型对研究区变质岩裂缝型储层起重要作用,碎裂化变粒岩、浅粒岩、混合花岗岩与片麻岩可作为优质储层。     

New Apatite Fission-Track Ages of the Western Kuqa Depression: Implications for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of South Tianshan, Xinjiang

The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression. The main difference in the reconstructions concerns the existence and importance of Early Cretaceous and Paleogene tectonic activities, but the existence of a Cenozoic differential uplift in the Kuqa Depression remains enigmatic. Here, we present new apatite fission-track ages obtained for 12 sandstone samples from the well-exposed Early Triassic to Quaternary sequence of the Kapushaliang section in the western Kuqa Depression. The results reveal that there were four pulses of tectonic exhumation, which occurred during the Early Cretaceous(peak ages of 112 and 105 Ma), Late Cretaceous(peak age of 67 Ma), Paleocene–Eocene(peak ages at 60, 53, and 36 Ma), and early Oligocene to late Miocene(central ages spanning 30–11 Ma and peak ages of 23 and 14 Ma), respectively. A review of geochronological and geological evidence from both the western and eastern Kuqa Depression is shown as follows.(1) The major exhumation of South Tians Shan during the Early Cretaceous was possibly associated with docking of the Lhasa block with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate.(2) The Late Cretaceous uplift of the range occurred diachronically due to the far-field effects of the Kohistan-Dras Arc and Lhasa block accretion.(3) The Paleogene uplift in South Tianshan initially corresponded to the far-field effects of the India–Eurasia collision.(4) The rapid exhumation in late Cenozoic was driven by the continuous far-field effects of the collision between India and Eurasia plates. The apatite fission-track ages of 14–11 Ma suggest that late Cenozoic exhumation in the western Kuqa Depression prevailed during the middle to late Miocene, markedly later than the late Oligocene to early Miocene activity in the eastern segment. It can be hypothesized that a possible differential uplift in time occurred in the Kuqa Depression during the late Cenozoic.