全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1513篇 |
免费 | 321篇 |
国内免费 | 920篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 241篇 |
大气科学 | 79篇 |
地球物理 | 296篇 |
地质学 | 1813篇 |
海洋学 | 66篇 |
天文学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 70篇 |
自然地理 | 185篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 73篇 |
2020年 | 86篇 |
2019年 | 95篇 |
2018年 | 87篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 97篇 |
2015年 | 100篇 |
2014年 | 125篇 |
2013年 | 102篇 |
2012年 | 169篇 |
2011年 | 189篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 163篇 |
2007年 | 150篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 124篇 |
2004年 | 128篇 |
2003年 | 88篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2754条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
31.
An experimental study of the initial flow field downstream of a step change in surface roughness is presented. The roughness length of the downstream surface was approximately tenfold that of the upstream roughness and, unlike all previous studies, attention was concentrated on the roughness sublayer region beneath the inertial (log-law) region. The experiments were conducted at a boundary layer Reynolds number of about 6 × 104 (based on layer thickness andfree-stream velocity) and around a longitudinal location where the (downstream) roughness length, zo2, was about 1% of the boundary-layer thickness atthe roughness change point.The thickness of the roughness sublayer was found for the two roughness. It was observed that the vertical profiles of mean velocity and turbulence characteristics started to show similarity after about 160z02 downstream of the roughness change. The presence of a shear stress overshoot is shown to depend strongly on the precise location (with respect to the roughness elements) at which the measurements are made and the thickness of the equilibrium layer is shown to be very sensitive to the way it is defined. It is demonstrated that the growing equilibrium layer has first to encompass the roughness sublayer before any thickness of inertial sublayer can be developed. It follows that, in somepractical cases, like flows across some urban environments, the latter(log-law) region may never exist at all. 相似文献
32.
隧道塌方的尖点灾变模型及应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对隧道塌方失稳问题,运用灾变理论建立隧道塌方失稳的尖点灾变模型。基于平衡曲面方程,可求得隧道围岩体内承载区介质刚度与对应的松驰区弱化介质本构曲线拐点处理刚度之比值K,并给出了塌方与否的判据,当K≤1时,隧道将发生塌方失稳;当K>1时,隧道将不会发生塌方失稳。根据此模型,笔者解释了隧道中几种常见的灾变破坏机理,并提出了相应的治理方案。 相似文献
33.
根据公路部门的实际工作,利用数字高程模型这一新的数字地理信息产品,采用空间分析的一些方法,应用AMI语言,对公路设计和施工中断面图的绘制、挖、填方量的计算等一些实际问题进行探讨和实践,并在此基础上构建了<宣芜高速公路设计应用示范系统>. 相似文献
34.
公路边坡工程监测技术评价与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合公路工程、建筑工程等土木工程建设中经常涉及到的边坡工程,评价与分析边坡工程监测的作用、内容和方法,提出了边坡工程应该在工程项目开展的开始阶段就应进行和边坡工程监测的项目,选择原则,测点布置原则、监测周期等,对边坡工程建设具有重要的意义. 相似文献
35.
36.
This paper is dedicated to the identification of constitutive parameters of elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive law from measurements performed on deep underground cavities (typically tunnels). This inverse problem is solved by the minimization of a cost functional of least‐squares type. The exact gradient is computed by the direct differentiation method and the descent is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The method is presented for lined or unlined structures and is applied for an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law of the Perzyna class. Several identification problems are presented in one and two dimensions for different tunnel geometries. The used measurements have been obtained by a preliminary numerical simulation and perturbed with a white noise. The identified responses match the measurements. We also discuss the usage of the sensitivity analysis of the system, provided by the direct differentiation method, for the optimization of in situ monitoring. The sensitivity distribution in space and time assess the location of the measurements points as well as the time of observation needed for reliable identification. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
38.
青藏公路铁路沿线生态系统特征及道路修建对其影响 总被引:36,自引:2,他引:36
根据2001—08和2002—08月野外调查数据及2001年1:100万中国植被图、1996年1:400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图,以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象,运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响,结论如下:①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度,东西跨越12个经度,共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区,对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割,使景观更加破碎。③青藏公路铁路的建设直接破坏沿线植被生态系统(主要为50m缓冲区内),年损失总净初级生产量为30504.62t,损失总生物量432919.25~1436104.3t/a。损失总净初级生产量占1km缓冲区年净初级生产量535005.07~535740.11t/a的百分比为5.70%,占10km缓冲区年净初级生产量3408950.45~3810480.92t/a的0.80~0.89%;损失生物量占1km缓冲区生物总量7502971.85~25488342.71t/a的5.70%,占10km缓冲区总生物量43615065.35~164150665.37t/a的0.80%~0.89%。 相似文献
39.
三峡库岸城区滑坡治理与沿江公路建设一体化模式--以重庆万州清泉路滑坡为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
三峡库岸城区滑坡90%属于由第四纪松散土体组成的散体滑坡,滑坡区属于城区重要组成部分,降雨及三峡库水位降落是此类滑坡孕发的动力因素。本文以重庆万州清泉路滑坡为例,基于库岸城区滑坡防治原则,构建了实用的滑坡治理与沿江路建设一体化模式,推导了抗滑桩的内力计算方法;详细分析了一体化模式的结构组成及受力特性。研究成果对于三峡库区城区滑坡的治理与开发利用具有较强的指导借鉴作用。 相似文献
40.
Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction history, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447- km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways including mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently. 相似文献